615 
92 
py 1 



PRISON LIFE 

DUBIlSra THE REBELLIOlSr. 

BEING A BRIEF NARRATIVE OP 

THE MISERIES AI^D SUFFERINGS OF 

SIX HUNDRED 

CONFEDERATE PRISONERS 

Sent from Fort Dela^vare to MIorris' 
Island to be F*\inislied. 

WRITTEN BY 

FRITZ FUZZLEBUG, 

ONE OF THE.Il NUMBER. 



PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 



— -*^A/-^*# -^ ^*^*^». 



SINGER'S GLEN, YA. : 

JOSEPH FUNK'S SONS, PRINTERS. 

1869. 



/ . 



RUEBUSH-ELKINS COMPANY 



] 



Prison Life During the Rebellion 

By Frite Fuzzlebug, one of their number. 8vo., wrappers, pp. 48 
Singers Glen, Va., 1869. $1.50. 

The book is a Brief Narrative of the Miseries and Suffering of Six Hundred Con- 
federate Prisoners Sent from Fort Delaware to Morris' Island to be Punished. 

The author, in bringing- before the public the work, has had two objects in view: 
First to furnish to the public. North. South, East West, a brief and correct narrative of 
the struggle for constitutional liberty; and, secondly, to refute the common error, so rife 
in many places, that Confederate prisoners were not ill treated in Federal prisons. Both 
of these objects will become commonplace in the mind when the book is once carefully 
read and impartially understood; and the truth of these assertions can be attested by 
the united evidences of the survivors of the Six Hundred. 

Virginia's Leading Bookmen Interested in this Item. 

General John E. Roller, 

Harrisonburg, Va., 
My dear General: 

I have a copy of "Prison Life During the Rebellion", being a brief narrative 
* * ^^vritten by Fritz Fuzzlebug, one of their number. * * Please tell me about Mr. 
Fuzzlebug. Is it a real name or a Nom De Plume? 

With kind regards, 

I am yours sincerely. 

Lyon G. Tylek. 
Hon. Lyon G. Tyler, 

Williamsburg, ^ a. 
Dear Sir and Friend: 

It is quite a joke on you and the German race that you should think Fritz Fuzzle- 
bug is a German name. If the Kaiser and the army knew such a slam as that on their 
Nationality they would invade Virginia and take WUlimsburg- for the first place- 

The work you refer to was written and compiled by one Capt. J. J. Dunkle, of 25th 
Va. He lived at Franklin, Pendleton County, W. ^'a. He is of German descent — of our 
Pa., Md. and Va. colonial German Element which furnished a large body of men to the 
Southern army. It may interest you to know that the 25th Va. was commanded by your 
kinsman and ours, John Cabell Higginbothan, of W. Va. That familiar kinsman of 
whom we should be proud. 

"Prison Life" is valuable because it contains a true and accurate list of what one. Major 
Murry has exploited as the Immortal Six Hundred. It is a valuable list and strange to 
say does not contain the name of Murray at all. It does contain Dunkle's name. 

Another distinguished name is that of Major LaMar Fontaine, of Miss., the great- 
est bragger in the Confederate army. I see he registered as belonging simply to the 
cavalry— no regiment, which is right for he was a free lance, a true Dugald Dalghetty of 
the South. How he was captured is a mystery to me- I had the "honor to know him 
among other" big men of the Confederacy. 

With kind regards, 

John E. Roller. 



CATALOGUE VIRGINIAMA 



Clarke's Conquest of the Northwest 

By W. H. English, two volumes, 1186 pages, 8vo. illustrated, 
price $e.OO. 

Colonel George Rogers Clarke' sketch of his campaign in the Illinois in 1778-9, and 
life of Gen. Clarke, and Major Bowman's journal of the taking of Post 'Vincennes, with 
numerous sketches of men who served under Clarke and a full list of those allotted 
lands in Clarke's grant for service to the campaigns against the British ports, etc., etc. 

Four Years Under Marse Robert. 

By Major Robt. Stylet of the Richmond Howitzers. The twelfth 
thousand. Price $2.15. 

"Here we have the essentials, the distinctive spirit of the Southern Soldier. As he 
hastened to thef ront in '61, he felt: "With me is Right, before me is duty, behind me is 
Home,'— New York Evening Post. 

"Have not read any book in many years that gave me such pleasure.— General 
Stephen D. Lee. 

A Virginian Village 

By E. S. Nadal. 277 pages. Price $1.75. 

Here Mr. Nadal writes for the most part of life in a little country village of Vir- 
ginia. His many happy reminescences of famous people— Lincoln, [Staunton and 
Lowell, among others— contribute largely to the interest of the chapters. Altogether 
delightful reading— a gratifying addition to the literature of the distmctly American 
essay. 

Virginia— A Tribute 

By Edwin Alderman, President of the University of Virginia. 
Price $1.00. 

An Address delivered in response to the toast "Virginia', at the banquet given by 
the citizens of Petersburg, Va., to the President of the United States and the Governor 
of Pennsylvania, on May 19, 1909. 

The Formation of the State of West Virginia. 

By William P. Willey. 245 page-^, with photographs, price, $2.00. 
Cases slightly damaged. 

An inside view of the formation of the State of West Virginia. With character 
sketches of the pioneers in the movement. 

Historic Shepherdstown, West Virginia 

By D. Dandridge. A book of more than local interest. Will 



PRISON LIFE 



X)URIN't+ THE REBELXjION". 

BEING A BRIEF ^ARRATIVE 01? 

THE MiSERIESA^ifD SUFFERINGS OF 

SIX HUNDKED 

CONFEDERATE PRISONERS 

Bent from Fort DelaM^are to Morris^ 
Island to be P'nnislied.. 

WRITTEN BY 

FRITZ FUZZLEBUG, 

ONE OF THEIR NUMBER. 



PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 



■*-r^^^^ -^ '^^^r^*** 



SINGER'S GLEN, VA. : 

JOSEPH FUNK'S SONS, PRINTERS*^ 
1869. 






Copy-Right secured according to Law, in the llstial form^ 



n 



*3 






PIIEFA.CE. 



The author, in bringing before the public the follow- 
ing work, has had two objects in view ; First, to furnish 
to the public North, South, East and West, a brief and 
correct narrative of the suifering and miseries of prison- 
life during the late dreadful struggle for constitutional lib- 
erty ; and. Secondly, to refute the common error, so rife in 
many places, that Confederate prisoners were not ill- 
treated in Federal prisons. Both of these objects will 
become commonplace in the mmd when the book is 
once carefully read and impartially understood; and 
the truth of these assertions can be attested to by the 
united evidences of the survivors of the Six Hundred. 



CONTENTS 



SECTION I. 

Causes which led to the selection of the Six Hundred. 

SECTION II. 

^election of the Six Hundred, names, date of capture, command, 
address, State, &c. 

, . rffs SECTION III. 

Voyage to Hilton Head— incidents on the voyage.. 

SECTION IV. 

Sufferings in the Boat. 

SECTION V. 

Treatment at Morris' Island— situation, description,,. &c. 

SECTION VI. 
Voyage to Fort Pulaski — treatment there. 

. , ^ ,t: SECTION VII. 

Vjpyage frorri Fort Pulaski to Hilton Head— treatment there- 
great sufferings — incidents — amalgamation, &c. 

SECTION VIII. 

Voyage to Fort Delaware. 

SECTION IX. 

General remarks. 



IPRISON-LIFE DURING THE REBELLION. 



SECTION I. 

Causes that led to the selection of the Six Hundred. 

In the month of July, 1864, Major Gen,, Sara. Jones, the Con- 
federate commander at Charleston, by authority from superiors,^ 
selected forty Federal prisoners — Generals, Colonels, and Lieut.- 
Colonels — and confined them in the city of Charleston. 

They were confined in the upper part of the toM'n, away from the 
exploding shells, which were daily hurled into Charleston, from 
Federal batteries erected on Morris' Island. 

The erroneous rumor was soon rife in the JVorth, that they were 
daily exposed to the fire of their own guns, and under fire, as it 
was termed. It is needless to say such was not the case. 

The rumor became so prevalent at the North, that the Federal 
War Department ordered retaliation. Accordingly, Gen. Schoeph 
proceeded — by orders from the same — to select forty prisoners from 
those confined at Fort Delaware, among whom were Maj. Gen. Ed. 
Johnson and Brig. Gen. Jeff'. Thompson. The whole were Gene- 
rals, Colonels, and Lietenant-Colonels. 

They were put aboard a steamer at Fort Delaware, and soon 
found themselves in the Southern waters. They were very inhu- 
manly treated and indignantly abused. Upon their arrival at 
Morris' Island, the place of their intended suffering, two small 
frame huts vrere erected near battery Wagner for their reception. 

The Federals, supposing that the Corrfederate shells thrown at 
Wagner, would explode among them. But previous to their land- 
ing. Gen. Jones proposed an exchange. The Federals, thinking 
that the rebel officers would be a burden' at home, and their own a 
great desideratum, acceded to the proposal. They were accord- 
ingly exchanged. 



SECTION II. 

Selection of the Six Hundred. 

Gen. Jones, having succeeded well this time, resolved to try the 
experiment again. For this purpose he selected six hundred Fede- 



PRISON LIFE 



ral prisoners — Colonels, Lieut.-Colonels, Majors, Captains, and 
Lieutenants, and confined them in Charleston, beyond the range of 
Federal shells. 

The Federals soon blazed abroad the terrible news, that Federal 
prisoners were under fire in Charleston. The U. S. Government 
determined on retaliation. 

Gen. Schoeph was ordered to dispatch six hundred prisoners to 
the South for purposes of retaliation. He, in obedience to com- 
mand, on the 25th of August, 1864,'selected from the Confederate 
prisoners confined at Fort Delaware, six hundred prisoners — Col- 
onels, Lieut.-Colonels, Majors, Captains, and laeutenants. The 
following is a list of the selection : 

MAEYLANDERS. 

CAPTURE. RESIDENCE.. 

Gettysburg, July 3, '63, Baltimore. 

Fredericksburg', May 27, '64, " 

Yellow Tavern, " "■ 

Gettysburg, July 5, '63, 



RANK AND NAME. 


ARM. 


Maj. W W Goldsboro, 


, 1st Md. I, 


Capt. W Griffin, 


Md. Bat. 


" E Diggs, 


2d Cav. 


Lt. E G Duley, 


1st Cav. 


Lt. G E B Pue, 




Col. E Eice, 


ViJ 
55 Va., I, 


Lt. Col. C B Christiar 


,, 49 I, 


" J C Council, 


26 1, 


Maj. P V Batts, 


44 1, 


" T B Branch, 


Staff; 


" W H Hood, 


Mil. 


" A A 8 winder, 


7 In. 


"DA Jones, 


Staff; 


" L Woodrum, 


26 1, 


Capt. H A Allen, 


9 In. 


"EG Brown, 


7 1, 


"JOB Crocker, 


9 1, 


" E Carter, 


8 1, 


" E S Elam, 


22 1, ^ 


" W T Johnson, 


8 1, 


" G W Nelson, 


Staff; 


"PA Alfriend 


39, 


" T H Board, 


581, 


f G McD Carrington, A, 


^' W P Carter, 


A, 


'' J E Christian, 


3 1, 


''ED Camden, 


25, 


" E E DePriest, 


23, 


" ,J J punkle, 


25 1, 


" A Dobins, 


42, 


" W Duff; 


501, 


" J Dunlap, 


27, 



VIRGINIANS. 

Fall. Wat. July 14, '63, 
Cold Har. May 30, '64, 
Petersburg, May 15, '64, 
Drew. Bluff; " 



Montgonisery, 



Essex. 
Amherst. 
St. Stevens.. 
Petersburg.. 



Eappahannock,May 18, '64, Burlin. 

" " Sperryville. 

Spottsylvania, May 12, '64, Harrisonburg, 



Gaines' June 3, '64, 
Gettysburg, July 3, '63, 



Petersburg, June, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



H C Dickenson, 2 C, 



Union. 

Portsmouth, 

Albemarle, 

Norfolk, 

Henrico. 

Lynchburg, 

Henrico. 

Eockbridge. 

Petersburg. 

Bedford. 

Charlottesville 

Millwood. 

New Kent. 

Sutton. W. Va. 

Eichmond. 

Fr'klin, W.Va. 

Jacksonville. 

Jonesville. 

Union. 

Liberty. 



SECTION II. 



BANK AND NAME. 


ARM. 


CAPTURE. 


RESIDENCE. 


Capt. A M Edgar, 


27, 


Spottsylvania 


May, '64, 


Lewisb'g, W. Va. 


" J D Fitzgerald, 




u 


It 


Norfolk. 


"RE Frayser, 


Signal, 


(( 


(( 


New Kent. 


"AN Finks, 


10 1, 


<( 


(( 


Madison. 


" W S Guthrie, 


23 1, 


(( 


(( 


Pr. Edward. 


" T M Gobble, 


48, 


C( 


<i 


Abingdon. 


"DC Grayson, 


10 1, 


« 


ti 


Luray. 


"EC Gillespie, 


45, 


(( 


« 


Ft.Worth,Tex, 


" Bruce Gibson, 


6C, 


(t 


« 


Upperville,Vai 


" J M Hughes, 


441, 


(I 


« 


Eichmond. 


" J M Hillsman, 


441, 


It 


(( 


Amelia. 


" J W Helm, 


42, 


« 


(( 


Jacksouvillei 


" L Harman, 


12 C^ 


(( 


ti 


Staunton. 


" T B Horton, 


111, 


(( 


(( 


KingWilliami 


*' A E, Hume, 


21 C, 


(( 


(( 


Abingdon. 


" G Hopkins, 


IOC, 


ti 


« 


Hanover. 


" J H Johnson, 


25^, 


tl 


(1 


Fr'klin,W.Va; 


" F W Kelly, 


50, 


11 


u 


Tazewell. 


"AM King, 


50, 


li 


(( 


Abingdon. 


" J A Lipps, 


50, 


t( 


c< 


Wise, W. Va. 


" J W Mathews* 


25, 


« 


« 


Beverly,W.Va. 


" W S McConnell 


,48, 


(( 


« 


Estellville. 


"CD McCoy, 


25, 


« 


(( 


Charlottesville 


"EH Miller, 


44, 


u 


(( 


Buckingham. 


« W C Nunn, 


5C, 


Ti-avilian, Jtihe, '64, 


Plymouth. 


" G W Mercer, 


29, 


Cold Harbor, 


u 


Eural Retreat. 


" I Kuykendall, 


^C, 


Wire Bridge, Feb., '64, 


Eotoney. 


" J M Lovett, 


22 C, 


Capon, 


ti 


Hampshire. 


" C J Lewis, 


8C, 


Shepherdstown 


> 


Charleston. 


" W T Mitchel, 


6C, 


Yellow Tavern 


, May, '64, 


Pittsylvania. 


" T A Moon, 


6C, 


<f a 


ii 


Halifax. 


Lieut. W Asbury, 


16 C, 


Wayne co., Feb., '64, 


Wayne co. 


" J Arrington, 


42 1, 


Gettysburg, July, '63, 


Campbell co. 


" J C Alien, 


7C, 


" 


ii 


Edinburg, 


" E E Andes, 


4 1, 


(( 


ti 


Elk Cr.,W. Va. 


" A E Angel, 


42 i. 


Spottsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Franklin co. 


"EL Bell, 


10, 


t( 


tt 


Luray. 


"ME Bowers, 


25, 


(C 


ti 


Fr'klin,W. Va. 


" W L Burnard, 


37> 


It 


(t 


Franklin co. 


"WW Boggs, 


20, 


ti 


tt 


Wh'ling,W.Va 


" J F Carson, 


5, 


Mortons, Feb., 


'64, 


Augusta CO. 


" J H Childs, 


4C, 


a a 




Warrenton. 


■" I Coles, 


6C, 


Brandy, " 




Pittsylvania. 


" T C Chandler, 


47 1, 


Spottsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Bowling Green 


" J Childs, 


42, 


" 


tt 


Richmond. 


" HT Colter, 


53, 


ft 


tt 


King William. 


" CDChaddock, 


33 I, 


ti 


" 


Luray. 


" T P Doyle, 


33 1, 


It 


(I 


Staunton. 


"LB Doyle, 


5, 


l( 


tt 


Lexington, 


" P W Dalton, 


421, 


<< 


It 


Taylorsville. 


" S M Dent, 


5C, 


(( 


tt 


Alexandria. 



8 



PRISON LIFE 



KANIC AXD NAJtB. 

Lieut. C R Daricott^ 

" A W Edwards, 

" C B Estliam, 

" J W O Funk, 

" Henry Fry, 

" J W A Ford, 

" a W Fin ley, 

" J W Gillock, 

" I) W Garrett, 

" J D Graves, 

" J W Gilkeson, 
"WE Hart, 

" CD Hail, 

" C P Harper, 

" G H Hawkins, 

" H L Hoover, 
"AG Hadgins, 

" H C Hewlett, 

" RB Hewlett, 

" W L Hunter, 

" NAIiaskins, 

" . G H Hillsman, 

« T J Kirk, 

" O H P Lewis, 

" D M Layton, 

" J F Lytton, 

" T S Mitchell, 

" BC Maxwell, 
"TO Mass, 
"JO Murray, 

" R D Merchant, 

" WH Morgan, 

" W McGauley, 

" J W McDowell, 

" P B Akers, / 

" J H Allen, 

" T A Appleberger 

" J G Brown, 

" HGBrinkley, 

" S D Bland, 

" F C Barns, 

" T J Berry, 

". R C Bryan, 

" R S Bowie, 

" G A Burnett, 

" B V Cannay, 

" C J Crisp, 

" A B Cook, 

" GPChalkley, 

" RC Campbell, 

" A B Gawthorn, 



ARM. 

5 A, 
15 C, 
10 1, 

o, 

37 I, 

20 C, 

56 1, 

27, 

42, 

50, 

25, 

25 A, 

48 1, 

21, 

10, 

25, 

Navy, 

5C, 

5C, 

43 1, 

25 1, 

5, 

4, 

31, 



42, 
A, 

23 I, • 
12 C, 
4, 

111, 
9C, 
20 1, 
11, 
48, 
,44, 
49, 
40, 
18 0, 
56 1, 
25, 
48, 
37 1, 
50, 
4, 
10, 
23, 
14, 
53, 
26, 



CAPTURE. 

Hanover, May; '64j 
Spottsylvania, " 



Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Alb. Landing, ^ 
Ch'esterfield, " 

Aldle, 

SjJOttsylvania, May-, '64, 



B. & O. R. E. Oct., '63, 

Mitfordi May, '64. 
Ashland, July, 
Cold ILxrbor, June, 

Logan C. II., Dec, '63, 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, 

<< " 

Nansemond, Sept., '63, 
Pendleton, Jan., '64, 
Gettysbul-g, July, '63, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64,- 



RESlDEXCE; 

Planover. 
Prince Ann. 
Harrisonburg. 
Winchester. 
Wh'ling,W.Va. 
Lewisburg, " 
Clarksville, Va. 
Lexington. 
Morgantown. 
Tazewell. 
Mint Spring. 
King William. 
Lee. 

Mecklenburg. 
McGaheysville. 
Staunton. , 
Richmond. 
Petersburg. 
Cobbs Creek. 
Wavnesboro'. 
Buckh'n,W.Va.- 
Waynesboro'. 
Christiansburg. 
Beverly, W.Va: 
Mt. Meridian; 
Long Glade. 
Martinsville. 
West Hemlock; 
Louisa. 
Richmond. 
Manassus. 
Carroll co. 
Warsaw. 
' Greenbrier. 
Lynchburg. 
Boone. 
Fluvanna. 
Front Royal. 
Norfolk, 
Fr'klin, W. Va; 
Marvsville, Va; 
SaltL'k,W.Va. 
Abingdon, Va. 
Abingdon. 
Blountsv. Tenn. 
Elk Creek,''Va. 
Luray. 
Louisa. 
Petersburg. 
King William. 
King & Queen. 



SECTION II 



9 



BANK AXD N-AME. 


AU.M. 


Lieut. W B Carder, 


4, 


« 


G W Davis, 


20 C, 


« 


W B Goodson, 


5C, 


« 


^I M Duff, 


37 1, 


« 


J A Danaugh, 


10, 


(( 


W A Dawson, 


27, 


« 


K D Embry, 


lie. 


(( 


W L Enos, 


2(3 1, 


(( 


C D Fitzluigh, 


IC', 


« 


J W Frazier, 


IC, 


« 


C Frates, 


3 1, 


(( 


S H Finks, 


10, 


« 


T Tussie, 


25, 


<( 


J W Groove, 


23, 


C( 


J L Ganaway, 


50, 


« 


T M Gravely, 


42 1, 


« 


^Y S Gilmer, 


37, 


(( 


L Green, 


5C, 


« 


W W George, 


A, 


« 


S W Garey, 


3 1, 


ii 


B H Hutehi.son, 


s, 


(( 


H Harden, 


19, 


(( 


W N Hendrix, 


25, 


<( 


J L Hemijstead, 


25, 


(( 


A K Humphreyi- 


S2G, 


« 


TEHaynes, 


24 C, 


It 


K B Ilai-t, 


5C, 


(1 


W J Herri ngton 


,5 A, 


<( 


S J Hutton, 


37 1, 


« 


W H Hatclier, 


42, 


<i 


J J Heiiritz, 


37, 


ti 


G ^V Plarris, 


58, 


<( 


J S Hicks, 


44, 


(( 


P Hogan, 


4, 


<( 


G W Hughes, 


44, 


<( 


H Hawes, 


A, 


(( 


S A Johnson, 


23 1, 


£1 


W C Jones, 


50, 


(( 


C P Johiison, 


C, 


tt 


G F Reiser, 


5 1, 


<( 


T J King, 


42, 


<( 


F King, 


A, 


(( 


J S King, 


37 1, 


<( 


A P Kelley, 


4, 


« 


J \V Kratzer, 


12 C^, 


<( 


D Lacej', 


23 1, 


(C 


R W Legg, 


50, 


n 


J Long, 


lOj 


<c 


J M Lambert, 


52, 


tl 


W P R Leigh, 


5C, 


a 


L C Leftwick, 

2 


Navy, 



CAPTURE. 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
Fre<lerick City, July, '64, 
YeUow Tav. " 
Spottsylvania, May, '04, 



Mitford, 

PeterKburg, .June, 
Sharpsburg, Sept. '62, 



Cold ILnbor, June, 
Ciettysburg, July '63, 



Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Gloucester, Oct., 63, 
Yellow Tavern, May, 'S-1, 

iC il 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



King & Queen, .June, 
At sea. May, 



UESIDEXCE. 
Marion. 
Clarlcsliurg. 
Danville. 
"Washington. 
Parnassus. 
Co Haws. 
Pinuviile. 
Woods. 

Hagersi'n, Md. 
Ivoudon, Xa.. 
Petersburg. 
Madison, 
Weston, W.Ya; 
Louisa, Ya. 
Chatham. 
JIartinsville. 
Leltanon, 
Petersburg, 
I'rinceton. 
Norfolk. 
Loudon. 
Scoltsville. 
Fairm't,\V. Ya; 
Dubucjue, Iowa; 
Lewisb'g,W.^'a 
Cobbs, V'a. 
Stevensville. 
Shelby, N. C; 
Glade, Va. 
Liberty. 
I^ebanon. 
Beuibrd. 
Goochland; 
Jje::ington, 
Cobham. 
Richmond. 
Louisa, 
(iladesville. 
TLimpsh.'W.Ya; 
Martinsville. 
Greenville. 
King William. 
Abingdon. 
Newbern. 
Harrisonburg. 
Prince Edward. 
Turkey Cane. 
Ih'idgewater. 
Greenville, 
(iloucester. 
Lynchburg, 



10 



PRISON LIFE 



BANK AND NAME. ARM. 

Lieut. G B Lang, 14 I, 

" R Massie, A, 

" J W Mauck, 10, 

" E A Eosenbalen, 37, 
" J T Tucker, 37, 



CAPTURE. 

Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Col. 


J A Baker, 


3C, 


ti 


G N Folk, 


6C, 


Lt. Col. T S Hargrave, 


44 1, 


Maj. 


J K McDonald, 


57, 


Capt 


. W J Alexander, 


87, 


'< 


E, W Atkinson, 


2C, 


{i 


J C Blair, 


1 <-', 


(( 


N G Bradford, 


26 1, 


(( 


C R Brumley, 


20, 


ti 


S S Bohannon, 


28, 


Si 


E McN Blue, 


35, 


a 


J) S Cockerham, 


54, 


a 


A Z Cole, 


2S, 


ii 


J S Cantwell, 


3, 


<i 


J Cowan, 


3, 


a 


A S Critclier, 


37, 


It 


A A Cathy, 


34, 


a ' 


W B Demar, 


31, 


ti 


"VV M Dixon, 


35, 


ti 


W H Day, 


1, 


ti 


T D Fowler, 


1, 


ti 


J C Gorman, 


2C, 


it 


J S Gilbert, 


57 I, 


ti 


S Hartsfield, 


3 C, 


ti 


S H Hines, 


45 1, 


(( 


■ J E Hodges, 


32 I, 


ti 


H W Horn, 


3, 


it 


T L Johnston, 


1, 


it 


W H Kitchen, 


12, 


a 


J R Kyle, 


52, 


ti 


J J Knox, 


7, 


it 


J W Lane, 


16, 


it 


F C Lewis, 


18, 


tt 


J W Moore, 


3C, 


It 


W F Murphy 


51 I, 


" 


W G McKay, 


7, 


" 


S J Parham, 


54, 


Lieut. W B Allen, 


6, 


(( 


S S Abernathy, 


30, 


(( 


G W Avant, 


35, 


a 


T M Allen, 


4, 


a 


W T Anderson, 


5, 


it 


J S Bullard, 


23, 


it 


J W Brothers, 


67, 



NORTH CAROLINA. 

Petersburg, June, '64, 
Kinston " 

South Bridge, June, '63, 
Gains' Mill, " 

Gettysburg, July, 



Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Gains' Mill, June, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, 



Greenville, Dec, '63, 
Burmuda, June, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64. 



Petersburg, June, 
Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Spottsylvania, May, ^64. 



KESIDENCfc 

Petersburg. 

Cowersville. 

Harrisonburg. 

Abingdon. 

Abingdon. 



Wilmington'.' 

Morganton. 

Oxford. 

Fayetteville. 

Wilkesboro'. 

Wilson. 

Boone. 

Lenoio. 

Concord. 

Yadkin. 

Moore. 

Jonesville. 

Rockingham.' 

Wilmington. 

it 

Watauga. 

Cliarlotte. 

Chalk. 

Moore. 

Halifax. 

Ballsville. 

Wilson, 

Newton. 

Kinston. 

Milton. 

Norfolk, Va.- . 

Fayetteville.- 

Edenton. 

Scotland. 

Fayetteville.- 

Rowan. 

Hendersonvillev 

Wilmington. 

it 

Clinton. 

Wilmington. 

Henderson. 

Wake. 

Forestville. 

Chatham. 

Fairfield. 

Fayetteville. 

Trnn(iuility.. 

Kinston, 



SECTION II. 



11 



BANK AND N A.ME. ABM. 

Lieut. B W Birkhead, 22, 
" EBCarr, 43, 

"DA Coon, 11, 

" GWCorbett, 18 1, 
" .J H Darden, 3, 

^' H Earp, 24, 

"JO Frink, 18, 

" J M Gayther, 1, 
" J T Gamble, 14, 
" J M Hobson, 2, 
f' J A Hartfield, 1, 
" T B Henderson, 3 C, 
^' H J Jenkins, I, 
"AN Leatherwood, 29 T, 



J A Latham, 
C P Mallett, 
J J MeiMillan, 
F Mcintosh, 
N S Mosely, 
G D Mallory, 
M McLeod, 
F F Patrick, 
G N Albright, 
W B Allison, 
H C Andrews, 
D S Bullard, 
T V Barrow, 
C M Burbage, 
J A Blair, 



1, 
3 
1, 

18, 

12, 

37, 

26, 

32, 

6, 

62, 

28, 

18 1, 

3, 

5, 

16, 



J H Bloodworth, 4 C, 



J M Burgin, 
A H Brown, 
J C C Cowper, 
J Coggin, 
T D Crawford, 
W B Chandler, 
G S Coll, 
J B Coffield, 
G M Crypon, 
E A Carver, 
"W F Doles, 
A B Davis, 
E W Dorsey, 
J O Elkins, 
N H Fennett, 
F F Floyd, 
B A Gowan, 
W C Gordon, 
H Y Gosh, 
E, A Glenn, 



22 1, 

30, 

35, 

2S, 

Navy, 

13 1,' 

45, 

1, 

3, 

1, 

32, 

C. s. c. 

Ill, 

18, 

61, 

51, 

51, 

6C, 

6C, 

22, 



CAPTURE. 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
Gettysburg, July, '63, 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Washington, Dec, '63, 
Gates, June, 64, 
Clay, February, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



A J Gurgannus, 3 I, 



RESIDENCE. 

Ashboro'. 
Magnolia. 
Lincolnton. 
Caintuck. 
Snow Hill. 
Smithville. 
Carrs. 
Plymouth. 
Shelby, 
Eaxville. 
Ballsville. 
Jacksonville, 
jVkirfresboro' 
Fort Henry. 
Plymouth. 
Fayetteville. 
«< " Wilmington, 

« '< Eichmond. 

« " Warrenton. 

« " Buckhorn, 

" " Carthage. 

« " Columbia. 

Eappahannock, Nov., '63, Melville. 
Cumberland Gap, Sept., '63, Sampson. 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, Orange. 

« '■' Owensville. 

« " Washington, 

" « Ealeigh. 

Franklin. 
Wilmington. 
Marion, 
Chatham, 
Suffolk. 
Troy, 

Washington, 
Yanceyville. 
Graham. 
Tarboro'. 
Smithville. 
Forestville. 
Wilson. 
Morganton. 
Whitesville. 
Whitesville. 
Leesville. 
Whitesville. 
Whitesville. 
Morganton. 
Hendersonville, 
New Saiem,^ 
Onslow.. 



Falling Waters, July, '63, 
Brandy Station, Oct., '63, 
Crettysburg, July, '63, 
Kelly's, November, '63, 
Gettysburg, July, '63,- 

At Sea, Feb., '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Bermuda, 



Jackson, June, '64, 
<( << 

Hanover, May, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



12 



PRISON LIFE. 



RANK AND NA.MK. ARM. 

J.iout. J :M Ilurgett, 1, 

" A J ilowser, 1, 

" E y Hart, 2S, 

'• L J rieiulerson, 'i, 

" (; P Iligly, ')7, 

" J Fllciuh, (i7, 

" J (' Ilvnes, -') <■', 

" ^V II ivy, 2 I, 

" W P Johnson, 1 ( ', 

f ^V P .Tones, 35 I, 

" .) E King, 3, 

■ ' 7f 11 Louderniilk, o, 

*' GCLaii^ 3, 

<' Iv II L}-*i, 8, 

'■' J I) Lindsey, 31, 

H G II Lindsay, 54, 



CAPTUKE. 



Swift Creek, April, 
Jack's Shop, Sept., 'G3, 
Spottsylvania, Maj, '64, 



SQi: 



Miij. W P Emanuel, 4 C, 

«« M G ^eigler, C, 

Capt. Henry Buist, 27 1, 

«t WL Campbell, Hi, 

'' P B Martin, C, 

" J M Melvany, 3 I, 

'« DC Moore, C, 

>•' SB Meachum, 5 1, 

" T Piiikney, 4 C, 

Lieut. A W Burt, 7 I, 

» T M Baughman. 1 I, 

"WW Covington, 23, 

" H J Clifton, 21, 

" P W Easterling, 5 C, 

" S T Anderson, 1 I, 

" W S Bissell 2, 

<■<■ W Epps, 4 C, 

" D Gordan, 4 C, 

"MP Galloway, 23 I, 

" J A Garrett, C 

" J B Gallman, 5 1, 

" J G Hollford, 8, 

" W E Johnson, 7 C, 

" N B Lusk, 12 1, 



Maj. D F Bootan, 3 C, 

Capt. J P Allen, 55 I, 

« J B Asliton, 4 C, 

" Wm Barnes, 55 1, 

" T M Carter, 14, 

" J H Connelly, 44, 

" H R Dedwyler, 38, 

" W J Pumuss, 53, 



III CAEOLIXA. 
Louisa, .June, 'G4, 

Petersburg, June, '64, 



Spottsylvania, May, '64, 

Gettysburg, July, '63, 
Hanover, May, '64, 
Petersburg, June, '64, 



Martinsburg, July, '63, 
Gettysburg, " 
Louisa, June, '64, 

Petersburg, " 



Cold Harbor, May, 



RBSIDEBTCE. 
Newbern. 
Lincolnton. 
Barrack. 
Jacksonville. 
Lumberton. 
Xewbern, 
Clinton. 
Jackson. 
Charlotte. 
Moore. 
Onslow. 
Randolph. 
Snow Hill. 
Black Eock. 
Wadesboro'. 
Madison. 



Charleston. 
Cokesburg. 
Charleston. 
Waterbaro'. 
Spartanburg. 
Charleston. 
Cokesburg, 
Yorkville. 
Charleston, 
Hamburg. 
Florence. 
Bennetsville. 
Timmonville. 
Charleston. 
Chester. 
Charleston- 
King Tree. 
King Tree.. 
Marboro'. 
Spartenburg. 
Unionville, 
Timmons, 
Liberty. 
Cherokee. 



GEORGIA. 

East Tennessee, June, '64, Rome. 
Cumberland Gap, Sept. '63, Dawson. 
" " Burke. 

" " Atlanta. 

Jackson. 
Griffin. 
Elbert. 
Forsyth. 



Spottsylvania, May, '64, 



Spottsylvania, May, '64. 



SECTION II 



13 



RANK AND NAME. 


ARM. 




CAI'TIKE, 




RESIDKXCK. 


(Capt. J Edmonson, 


44, 


Spi 


jtsylvania, 


May, '54, 


Fayettville, 


(( 


C R Ezell, 


4, 




do 




do 


Jasper. 


<( 


A C Gibson, 


4, 




do 




do 


Lagrange. 


« 


W J Garham, 


Staff, 




do 




do 


Hamilton, 


<( 


H K Harrison, 


7 C, 




<lo 




do 


Chatham. 


« 


F W Hopkins, 


7C, 




do 




do 


Thomasvilte. 


<> 


J J Henderson, 


61 1, 




<lo 




do 


Irviiieville. 


« 


T VV Harris, 


12, 




do 




do 


Oglethorp. 


<( 


T W Kent, 


48, 


Knoiville, 


Nov. '63, 


Wrightsville, 


<c 


J L Lemon, 


IS 




do 




do 


Cobb. 


C( 


J W Lewis, 


31 


Spottsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Bainbridge. 


<c 


D McDonald, 


61 




do 




do 


Brooks. 


« 


J R McMichuel, 


12 




do 




do 


Buena Vista. 


<( 


RG Miller, 


7C, 


Trivillian, 


June, 61, 


Augusta. 


(( 


A G MeLeod, 


57 I, 


Gams' Mill 


> 


do 


C<3mden, 


(< 


W C Knutt, 


53, 


Knoxville, 


No 


v., '63, 


Uriihiu' 


Lieut. VV J Bosvvell, 


5S, 


Cumberian 


d Gap, Sept., 


Canfield. 


« 


S VV Branch, 


s, 


Gel 


ttysburjj 


, J, 


jly, '63, 


Savannah, 


<( 


B L Brown, 


59, 




do 




do 


Fort Gains. 


.« 


J J Boss, 


35, 




do 




do 


Monroe. 


« 


J L Burney, 


49, 




do 




do 


Twiggs. 


« 


T J Carr, 


43, 


Ch 


ampion, 


Ml 


ly, '63, 


Jefferson. 


i( 


R Childs, 


4, 


Spottsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Clinton. 


<< 


N B Durham, 


44, 




do 




do 


Clarke. 


<.c 


J D DeLoach, 


61, 




do 




do 


Tatnal. 


<( 


W H DeLoach, 


7C, 




do 




do 


Bryan, 


<< 


J S Greer, 


4 1, 




do 




do 


West Point, 


« 


D W Garrett, 


11, 




do 




do 


Morgan. 


<c 


C C Grace, 


12, 




do 




do 


Perryville, 


<( 


W D Ivy, 


12, 




do 




do 


Millford. 


<< 


£ Jeff'ers, 


61, 




do 




do 


Macon. 


<( 


P P Lyon, 


18, 


Gai 


ns' Mil! 


, June, '64, 


Canton. 


<c 


H J Moses, 


57, 




do 




do 


Blakely. 


« 


J W Maxwell, 


50, 




do 




do 


Coffee. 


<c 


M M Mosely 


3, 


Spc 


ittsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Banks. 


<t 


J G Morgan, 


45 I, 




do 




do 


Clinton. 


i( 


J G Maddox, 


3S, 




do 




do 


Milton. 


t( 


G VV Roiighten, 


49, 




do 




do 


Sandersville, 


<< 


VV W Halbert, 


4, 




do 




do 


Augusta. 


a 


W R Avant, 


61, 


Gettysburg 


, July, '63, 


Macon. 


a 


J B Bently, 


22, 




do 




do 


Lincointon. 


<( 


A J Barton. 


55, 


Cumberland Gap, Sept., ' 


'63, Gainsville. 


(1 


W H Chew, 


7C. 


Spottsylvania, 


May, '64, 


Augusta. 


<< 


VV C Cherry, 


4 1, 




do 




do 


West Point, 


<c 


J F Davis, 


14, 




do 




do 


Amherst. 


<£ 


J R Fard, 


7C, 




do 




do 


Wayne. 


<( 


T S Gunn, 


57 1, 




do 




do 


Houston. 


<i 


A M Greer, 


12, 




do 




do 


Youngsboro*. 


<C 


F N Graves, 


61, 




do 




do 


Lumpkins. 


<( 


D VV Goodwin, 


44, 




do 




do 


Greensboro'. 


<( 


DT Harris, 


21, 




do 




do 


Forsyth. 


<( 


R H»rvey, 


7C, 




do 




do 


Bryan. 



14 



PRISON LIFE 



RANK AXD NAME. ARM. 

Capt. W B Ballentine, 2 I, 

" Wm Baily, 4, 

«' G Finley, 1 C, 

" J C Talbott, 5 1, 

Lieut, T S Armistead, S, 

" S Myers, 4, 

" A L Bull, 5, 

«< J Collins, 5, 

" SM Davis, 4 I, 

«' 1^ N Hall, 4 I, 



Oapt 


. J W Burton, 


6 1, 


(( 


C E Channbers, 


12, 


« 


J N Chisolm, 


9, 


CI 


R L Campbell, 


49, 


<( 


L S Chitwood, 


5, 


(( 


J H Ellison, 


3, 


(( 


J W Fannin, 


61, 


it 


J D Meadows, 


1, 


Lieut. A J Armstrong 


46, 


K 


R H. Adams, 


Staff, 


<< 


J J Andrews, 


Staff, 


(( 


W T Bishop, 


16 I, 


(( 


J D Bond, 


59, 


C( 


D E Bates, 


A, 


<< 


J P Breedlove, 


4 1, 


C( 


H A Chadmore. 


10, 


"!« 


W N Cidyard, 


4, 


(C 


P H Earl, 


28, 


<< 


J L Haynes, 


14, 


<( 


A J Kirkman 


4C, 


cc 


E J Mastin, 


Staff; 


(( 


W H Allen, 


49 1, 


(( 


W P Bass, 


10, 


C( 


W H Bidden, 


IC, 


(C 


A C Foster, 


4 1, 


(( 


J S Leonard, 


C, S. C 


Maj. 


L Fontain, 


c, 


cc 


T H Johnson, 


11, 


Capt 


. T Boyd, 


11, 


cc 


H T Coffee, 


48, 


cc 


A J Lewis, 


c, 


cc 


T Q Munce, 


12 1, 


<c 


J L Purgason, 


32, 


Lieut, e L Barrett, 


c. 


(C 


J C Carson, 


Staff, 


cc 


W H Frizzell, 


12 1, 


cc 


J M Allen, 


29 1, 



CAVTURJE. 

FLORIDA. 

Gettysburg, July, '63, 
do do 

Misssionary, Nov., '63, 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
do do 

do do 

do do 

do do 

Missionary, Nov., '63, 
do do 

ALABAMA, 

Gettysburg, July, '63, 
do do 

do do 

Port Hudson, do 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
do do 

do do 

Port Hudson, July, '63, 
Champion, May, 

do do ■ 

Florence, November, 
Boxar, June, 
Petersburg, June, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, 
Gettysburg, July, '63, 
do do 

do do 

do do 

do do 

Alabama, Nov., '"63, 
Tennessee, Nov, '63, 
Port Hudson, July, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
Tenne«?ee, Oct., '63, 
Alabama, Nov., 63, 
., Waynesboro', Nov., '63, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Port Hudson, July, '63, 



do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



Trivillian, May, '64, 
Spottsylvania, May, '64, 
Chickamauga, Sept., '63, 



RESIDENCE. 

Pensacola. 
Leon, 

Mariana. 
Lake City. 
Mariana. 
Apalache. 
Tallahasse. 
Monticello. 
Quincy, Ga. 
Appalachicola. 



Montgomery. 

Tuskegee. 

Florence. 

Vilt Springs. 

Clayton. 

Mobile. 

Tuskegee. 

Florence. 

Columbia. 

Farnsdale. 

Florence. 

Florence, 

Haynesville. 

Selma. 

Tuskegee. 

Selma. 

Mobile. 

Jefferson. 

Talladego. 

Florence. 

Huntsville. 

Guntersville. 

Salem. 

Tallahasse. 

Florence. 

Tuskegee. 



Austin, Texas. 

Fernando, Miss. 

Morrisonville. 

N. Orleans, La. 

Pt.Gibson,Miss. 

Natches. 

Keenzie. 

Port Gibson. 

Natches. 

Holmes, 

Grenada. 



SECTION II 



15 



KAKK AND NAME. 


ARM. 


CAPTL'EE. 






EESIDENCE. 


Liet. T M Bassonett, 


12, 


Chester, July, 






Union. 


" WL Barton, 


2, 


Tupelo, May, 






Tupelo. 


" W M Bullock, 


48, 


Spottsylvania. 


, May, '64i 


Bovina, 


" JRCason. 


17 1, 


Gettysburg, July, 


'63, 


Holly Springs; 


" AHFarrar, 


13, 


do 


do 




Grenada. 


" Tim. Foley, 


19, 


do 


do 




Vicksburg. 


" B L Grant, 


2, 


do 


do 




Pentateuch. 


" E .J Ploward, 


1, 


Port Hudson, 


Sept., '63; 


P.yhala. 


" W T Jeffries, 


c, 


do 




do 


Port Gibson; 


" J W Jones, 


11, 


do 
LOUISIANA. 




do 


Smithville. 


Lt. Col.P F DeGourney, A, 


Port Hudson, 


July, '63, 


New Orleans; 


" E S M LeBreton 


,4 1, 


do 


do 


do 


Capt. J G Angell, 


5, 


Spottsylvania, 


, May, '64, 


do 


" John Elliott, 


2 


do 




do 


Floyd. 


"HE Ilanderson, 


Staff, 


do 




do 


Alexandria. 


" L Jastremski, 


10 1, 


do 




do 


Aberville. 


" J L Lemon, 


14, 


do 




do 


New Orleans: 


. " L H Malachee, 


7, 


do 




do 


do 


" W E O'Riley 


d, 


do 




do 


do 


" W A Martin, 


7, 


do 




do 


Baton Eouge; 


" E J Hall, 


IC, 


Port Hudson, 


Sept., '63, 


New Orleans; 


" W B Kemp, 


9C, 


do 




do 


Greensboro'. 


Lieut. J C Bartheiem^^ 


', 20 I, 


do 




do 


St. James. 


" B Edwards, 


C, 


do 




do 


Covington. 


" J D Bowman, 


15 1, 


Spottsylvania. 


, May, '64, 


Bastrop. 


" J M Burgess, 


8, 


do 




do 


Holmesville: 


" P H Cavanaugh, 


1, 


do 




do 


Liberty. 


" J Fickerson, 


14, 


do 




do 


New Orleans; 


" J B Fitzpatrick, 


14, 


do 




do 


do 


" TEKelley, 


8, 


do 




do 


do 


« T J Hudson, 


9. 


do 




do 


dd 


" D Mahony, 


10, 


do 




do 


do 


" John Martin, 


1, 


do 




do 


do 


" C J Bachelor, 


2, 


do 




do 


Eeed Eivef; 


" C A Chisholm 


10, 


do 




do 


do 


" J E Cottingham 
" A V Duralde, ^ 


,3, 


do 




do 


Columbia; 


9, 


do 




do 


Baton Rouge; 


" E M Fletcher, 


2, 


do 




do 


Vernon. 


" John Kilmartin, 


V , 


do 




do 


New Orleans; 


" SHMav, 


10, 


do 
TEXAS. 




do 


do 


Lieut. W A Collins, 


7 1, 


Eaymond, May, '^ 


63, 


Coffeeville. 


" J E Coll, 


5, 


Gettysburg, J 


uiy, 


'63, 


Liberty. 


" T J Duvall, 


32 C, 


Deer Creek, June 


, '64, 


Anderson. 


" S G Adamson, 


32 C, 


do 


d. 





Fannin. 


" H Coffee, 


IC, 


Franklin, April, 


'63, 


Dangerfieldi 



Col V H Manning 3 I, 



AEKANSAS. 

Spottsylvania, May, '64, Hamburg* 



16 



PRIS05 LIFE 



RANK AND NAMK. ARM. 

Maj. W K Stewart, lo I, 

" M K Wilson, 1, 

C;ipt. I) Ai'hnckle, 17, 

" J L ]'.ront, is, 

" D B Coulter, 12, 

" J K Cnicraft, 23, 

« W A Fcrriiig, 2, 

«« A B Israel, 1, 

« J M J Jones, C, 

" II L W Johnson, 12 I, 

« J C Patterson, 14, 

Lieut. D S Bronaugby 16, 

" P H Benson, 23, 

« J B Baxter, 23, 

« C W Corgill,- 10, 

<. G W Carter, 23, 

" J W Greer, 23, 

«< M Hixon, 16, 

" W A Hancock, C, 

" C M Allen, 2 C, 

" W B Burtiett, 10 I, 

" M S Bradford, 10 ly 

" O H P Caldwell, 19, 

" D M Coffman, C, 

" R Y Dillard, IG I,- 

" W C D Evans, 17, 

" T P Peak, A, 



Capt. Peter Ake, 2 C, 

" M J Bradford, 10 I, 

" J G Kelly, Staff,- 

" S Lowe, A, 

Lieut. A M Bedford, 3 C, 

" W Haliburton, C, 

" P G Benton, 8 I, 

" G C Brand, 2 C, 



Col. G W Woolfolk, C. S. C. 

Maj. J B M'Creary, 7 C, 

Capt. J B Austin, 2 C, 

" T E Eastham, 8, 

". T M Hammack, 10, 

" ED Logan ) C, 

" M D Logan, 8 C, 

" C L Minor) C, 

" A A Norris, C, 

Lieut. W P Crow, 6 C, 

"• W T Dunlap, 2, 

"HP Dunlap, 10, 



CArTURE. 




RESIDEXCE,- 


Port Hudson, 


Julv. '(13, 


Madison. 


do 




do 


Hamburg. 


do 




do 


Fort Smith. 


do 




do 


Lenville, 


do 




do 


Center. 


do 




do 


Chicott. 


do 




do 


Little Rock. 


do 




do 


Powhatan. 


do 




do 


Berryville. 


do 




do 


Arkadelphia. 


do 




do 


Yallsille. 


do 




do 


Liberty. 


do 




do 


Jonesboro'. 


do 




do 


Monroe. 


do 




do 


Little Rock. 


do 




do 


Arkadelphia. 


do 




do 


Helena. 


do 




do 


Clarksville. 


do 




do 


Marion. 


do 




do 


do 


do 




do 


do 


do 




do 


Liberty. 


do 




do 


Magnolia. 


do 




do 


Smithville. 


do 




do 


Xashville. 


do 




do 


Washington. 


do 




do 


do 


MISSOURI. 






Helena, 


November '63j' 


Iventon. 


do 




do 


Raleigh. 


do 




do 


St. Louis. 


do 




do 


Independence. 


Big Bla< 


:;k, J: 


uiuary, '63,- 


Savannah. 


do 




do 


Dent. 


Helena, 


Julv, 




Cassville. 


Holly Spring, 


s, July, 


Brownsville. 


KENTUCI 


vY. 


$ 




Ohio, Julv, ' 


63, 


Paducah. 


do 


do 




Richmond. 


do 


do 




Charlotte. 


do 


do 




Lexingtoii. 


do 


do 




Morganfieid.' 


do 


do 




Buskville. 


do 


do 




Danville. 


do 


do 




Waco. 


do 


do 




Buskville. 


do 


do 




Stanford. 


do 


do 




Marshall.- 


do 


do 




Paris.-! 



SECTION II 



17 



•RAS 


[K AND NAME. 


ARM. 


ca: 


PTURE. 


KBSIDENCB. 


feieut. B S Drake, 


2, 


Ohio, 


Jul, 


y, '63, 


Lexiugtou, 


" 


F G Eakins', 


12, 


do 




do 


Hendersau". 


(( 


J A Fox, 


7, 


do 




do 


Ricliniond; 


(( 


W A Kendall, 


8, 


do 




do 


Denton. 


« 


B Logsden, 


3, 


do 




do 


Fairmount. 


(( 


H Moles, 


7, 


do 




do 


Alleghany. 


<i 


G C Nash, 


0, 


do 




do 


Owen. 


(t 


S S Atkins, 


10, 


do 




do 


West Lihei'tTn 


<c 


S P Allensworth, 2, 


do 




do 


Todd. 


it 


M L Aldrich, 


3, 


do 




do 


Dallas. 


it 


S M Cowau, 


C, 


do 




do 


Somerset 


it 


A B Chinn, 


8, 


do 




d6 


Lexington. 


it 


W B Ford, 


B, 


do 




do ' 


WineJiester. 


It 


S S Hughes, 


6^ 


'do 




do 


Standford. 


a 


R B Haynes, 


3, 


do 




do 


Denton. 


it 


G W Hunter, 


8, 


do 




do 


BardstowTi. 


it 


W T I^sathers, 


7 (; 


do 




do 


Lawrencebung*. 


it 


J D Morri.s 


8E, 


do 




do 


Winciiester. 


it 


B F JicNear, 


<^\ 


do 




do 


Owenton. 


it 


.1 O keadows, 


3, 


do 




do 


Bonham. 


'<t 


L t) Newton, 


3, 


do 




A6 


Union. 


" 


D N Powitt, 


6, 


do 




do 


Perryville, 


a 


C E Richards, 


5, 


do 




d6 


Warray, 








TENNESSEE 






'Ool. 


A Fulkerson, 


631, 


Petersbi 


Jrg, 


June, '64, 


Rogersvili'e'. 


Lt. Col. T N Daugher 


tv, 8 O, 


Tennessee, \ 


February, 


Livingston. 


'€apt 


:. J H Burk, 


2C, 


Lane, July 


, 


Knoxville. 


i( 


J W Boyd, 


6C, 


Corinth 


, July, 


Jackson. 


{( 


ir Baker, 


3, 


Tennesf 


^ee. 


J'ulr, 


Natch es. 


it 


W H Craft, 


E, 


do 




d6 


Nashville. 


ti 


L P Carson, 


35 r, 


do 




A6 


ilcilinnville: 


(I 


G R Camphell, 


c, 


do 




do 


Manchester. 


it 


J P Lyttle, 


23 1, 


do 




do 


Unionville. 


11 


J R McCallum, 


63 1, 


Petersburg, 


do 


Knoxville. 


it 


W N James, 


44, 


do 




do 


Carthage. 


11 


S J .Jolinson, 


25, 


do 




do 


Sparta. 


it 


Jno. Nicks, 


c, 


Tenness 


ee. 


Dec. '63, 


Hawkins. 


it 


.James H Polk, 


IC, 


do 




do 


Ashwood. 


It 


T F Perkins, 


11 c, 


do 




do 


Franklin. 


•Lieut. E Boddie, 


7 1, 


Petersburg, 


Mav, '64, 


Gallatin. 


(( 


W P Callahan, 


23 1, 


do 




do 


Livingston; 


it 


J W Cash, 


4C, 


do 




do 


Livingston. 


It 


M A Douglas 


44 1, 


do 




rio 


Gallatin. 


It 


H C Fleming, 


25, 


do 




do 


Spencer. 


it 


T S Goodloe, 


44, 


do 




do 


Winchester; 


it 


C L Hutchcson, 


63, 


do 




do 


Georgetown; 


it 


P D Hunter, 


SC, 


Cumlx-rl 


and 


! Gap, July, 


'63, Nashville. 


it 


J D Jenkens, 


14 1, 


Petersbi 


H'g, 


June, '64, 


Clarksville; 


'ii 


J Led ford, 

o 
O . 


25 1. 


do 




do 


Livingston' 



18 



PRISON LIFE 



RANK AND NAME. ARM. 

Lieut. J T Lauderdale, 2 C, 



S A Morgan, 


25 1, 


W H Anderson, 


IE, 


W H Adams, 


51 1, 


B Arnold, 


28, 


J G S Arrant, 


63, 


W E Allen, 


60, 


T E Bradley, 


22, 


R C Bryan, 


2C, 


C D Covington, 


45 1, 


H H Cook, 


44, 


W N Cameron, 


25, 


W C Camp'oell, 


28 1, 


A J Elzy, 


17, 


Z W Ewing, 


17, 


W B Easley, 


48, 


G R Elliott, 


4, 


J H Henderson, 


31, 


J H Hastings, 


17, 


J M Hooberry, 


44, 


J M Henry, 


44, 


T Irwin, 


11, 


J A Irvine, 


8, 


W C Knox, 


4, 


J B Lewis, 


1st C, 



CAPTURE. 

Petersburg, June, '64, 
do do ■ 

Columbia, Oct., '63, 
Ringgold, Nov., '63, 
Huntsvilie, Feb., '64, 
Petersburg, June, '64, 
Big Black, May, '63, 
Chickamauga, Sept., 
Salem, April, 
Lebanon, February, 
Drury's Bluff, May, '64, 

do do 

Petersburg, June, '64, 
do do 

do do 

Hickman, Jan., '63, 
White, do 

Monroe, do 

Petersburg, June, '64, 
do do 

do do 

Mission. Ridge, Noy., '63, 
Murray, December, 
Wilson, do 
Union, do 



RESIDENCE. 

Claborne. 

Sparta. 

Murray. 

Covington. 

Sparta. 

ZoUicoffer. 

Newport. 

Smith. 

LaGrange. 

Lebanon. 

Franklin. 

Sparta. 

Cooksville. 

Columbia. 

Lewisburg, 

Vernon. 

Alleghany. 

Madisonville. 

Shelbyville. 

Nashville. 

Hartsville. 

Nashville, 

Columbia. 

Shelbyville, 

Rutlidffe. 



The selection comprised 600, of whom 6 were Colonels, 6 were 
Lieutenant Colonels, 16 Majors, 176 Captains, 176 First Lieuten- 
ants, 220 Second Lieutenants. All the Southern States were rep- 
resented. Maryland had 6 ; Virginia 186 ; North Carolina 111 ; 
South CaroUna 24; Georgia 60; Florida 10; Alabama 26; Mis- 
sissippi 21 ; Louisiana 30 ; Texas 5 ; Arkansas 28 ; Missouri 8 ; 
Kentucky 35 ; Tennessee 50. 

Great care was taken by the Federal officers to select disabled 
officers. About 100 of the number were officers rendered useless to 
the service by dangerous or repeated wounds, and the loss of arms 
or legs. 

The Federal authorities supposed that they would be exchanged, 
and be a burden to the army at home, while they would receive in 
lieu of them 100 able bodied men ready for active service in the 
field. 

It may be noticed from the list, that great partiality was shown 
in the selection of officers, by selecting great numbers from John- 
son's Division, Morgan's Cavalry, and the Port Hudson capture. 

The idea for this course becomes quite apparent, when we con- 
ssider that all the privates of these commands were captured and 



SECTIONIII. lU 

closely confined in Yankee Pens. The return of the officers to the 
Confederate States would only be a burden to the government, as 
no one would have a command. 



SECTION III. 

The voyage to Hilton Head — Incidents on the voyage. 

In the latter part of August 1864, we were paraded in Fort 
Delaware, and after having packed our baggage — consisting of old 
clothes, and worn out blankets — and bidding farewell to our friends, 
we were marched in order to the wharf. 

We took passage in a steam-ship called the " Crescent ;" into 
her small hold or middle deck we were quickly crowded — huddled 
and jammed together like swine on a hog car. We were too many 
for the capacity of the boat, yet she was made contain us without 
inflating her the least. 

Imagine our condition ; huddled together as close as we could 
stand ; some having room to lie down, while three-fourths had 
scarcely space upon which to stand. The heat being up to 95° 
without steam, and of course increasing greatly when the boiler was 
heated for sailing, great numbers became sea-sick ; and then the 
*' stench," " the filth," dirt, &c., in this crowd, was almost intol- 
erable. 

It is not possible to give on paper a correct account of the suffer- 
ings of the voyage. They would have to be realized to be fairly 
comprehended, and those only who felt them, can have an idea of 
their horrible magnitude. 

The water given us to drink was of an inferior quality, had a dis- 
agreeable smell, and a very sickly taste, weakened the stomach, and 
in many cases produced sickness of fatal consequence. It was given 
to us in small quantities, and very frequently we suffered for it. 

Our provisions were of the roughest quality and very scarce ; so 
scarce, that many suffered the biting pangs of hunger. They were 
given once a day in small quantities. 

Our guard consisted of one hundred Ohio militia, commanded by 
two Lieutenants. They were just as mean and ruthless as Yankees 
generally were, exhibiting all that villainy and cowardice so pecu- 
liar to Yankee soldiers, and especially militia, who had never been 
in the front of battle. 

They offered many indignant insults to our honor and cause. 



20 PRISONLIFE. 

Most of them were Ohio fops, having scarcely sense enough to carry 
them to the table. 

The weather was very warm, clear and bright, and no storm or 
squall disturbed our course. We rounded Cape Hatteras without 
anv difficulty, and if we had been in a comfortable situation, might 
have enjoyed the voyage to the height of our pleasure. 

About three-fourths of us became very sick shortly after leaving 
Fort Delaware. We contracted sea-sickness by not being familiar 
with the sea and sea voyages. And as closely confined as we were, 
the spectacle was horrid — the entire floor covered with sick men-=r 
horribly sick, vomited to a fearful extent by the disease, and groan-- 
ing in a terrific manner — presented a sight too sickening to behold, 
and too repulsive to endure, and too wretched to describe. Even; 
those of us who were not infected by the sickening mjalady, were- 
made faint by the loathesorae spectacle we were obliged- to witness. 

We were escorted to the southern waters by a Federal man-of-. 
war, which usually kept close to us, firing a gun over our bow and 
pausing us to heave to, when we got too far in advance. 

When we arrived within the lines of the blockading sqadron off' 
Charleston, we were deserted by our escort, and left to finish the. 
voyage alone. 

The same night in which the escort left us, at or near four o'clock 
in the morning, when we were near Port Royal light-house, our pi- 
lot, having gotten out of his latitude, (whether by mistake or pur- 
posely, I am not prepared to say,) grounded on a sand-bar, three 
hundred yards from the beach, about seventy five yards froaj the 
boat. A man could have waded with ease to the beach, — landed on 
the beach he could have reached Confederate troops by traversing 
the small island, and crossing a small, narrow, but deep stream, the 
journey being about three miles, quite practicable, except the river, 
which could have been crossed by ferrying. 

Most of the prisoners were awake at the time of the accident, and^ 
those not awake were aroused by the shock. In a few moments, 
great confusiop prevailed. 

The crew and sailors being good fellows, were not much alarmed., 
The Captain appearing anxious that we should escape, used no, 
means to disengage his boat, but sat silently in the cabin. 

The prisoners became bold, and quitting their dismal den, rum- 
maged the boat on every side from deck to hold, and from stern to 
forecastle. The Yankees soon became alarmed at the boldness of 
their charge, and sqffered the prisoners to heap upon them thr^ats^^ 
abuses, and curses. 



S E C T I O N I I I . 21 

Col, Manning of Arkansas soon drew up terms of capitulation by 
•which the Yankees were to be paroled and taken to the Confeder-. 
acy. The boat was to be destroyed, the crew released, the prison- 
ers to be boated to where they could wade, and then make their 
way to the beach, the boats to be conveyed to shore and transported 
across the island to ferry the stream beyond. 

When all things were ready for the surrender, and we were re- 
joicing in the prospect of soon reaching the land of promise, two 
gunboats suddenly hove in sight. Imagine our mortification, cha- 
grin, surprise and dismay at this unexpected occurrence. Our ex- 
ulting cries lowered to wrathful curses. Our paper was cast in the 
sea. We were urged by our guard to quit the deck and take refuge 
in the hold. Oar bright hopes were blasted, and we were forsaken 
by hope — seized and chained by despair. 

The Captain now for the first time made efforts to disengage his 
vessel, and after many fruitless endeavors, succeeded ; and we were 
soon plowing the mighty deep, thinking only of how it might have 
been, and how near we were the shore of deliverance from Yankee, 
bondage. 

The gunboats approached near enough to ascertain who we were, 
to enquire into the cause of our detention, our business, and other 
matters, and proffering aid, if desirable. 

We could have escaped, even after the gunboats hove in sight. 
They were many miles distant, and by no means fast sailers ; and 
added to this, they had to make a circuitous route of many miles, 
before approaching us. 

During these detentions, we could have easily escaped, but all 
became completely paralyzed on the approach of the gunboats, and 
tamely submitted to the domination of their brutal masters, who 
wore the aspect of cannibals. 

Nothing else of interest occurred duruig the voyage, and in a 
few hours we arrived off Morris' Island. We could distinctly see 
the batteries, Wagner and Gregg, pouring th,eir incessant showers, 
of shells into Sumpter and Moultrie, and the guns of Moultrie slowly 
replying. 

We could also see the batteries of Cumming's Point throwing 
their shot into the city of Charleston. That was one of the most 
inhuman of all Yankee villainies ; yet it was practiced without in- 
termission day and night until the city was evacuated. The act 
was barbarous in the extreme, bombarding a town without first or- 
dering the removal of the noncombatants. Eut this was only on^- 
of the many exhibitions of Yankee barbarity and inhumanity. 

We remained at Morris' Island for one day, daring which nego- 



22 PRISONLIFE. 

tiations were entered into by both parties relative to an exchange- 
of prisoners. But no definite conclusion being arrived at, we sailed 
to Hilton Head, and there commenced a scene of suffering, far sur- 
passing anything hitherto known to us. Indeed, we quieted our 
anxious minds with the regaling thought that we had reached the 
climax of our inhuman sufferings, and that the day of relief from 
heart-rending pain and disease, was about to dawn upon us. 

But we were doomed to witness and to realize that of which we 
had liad no previous comprehension. Life was to be a burden al- 
most too intolerable to be borne. Death was to be desired and even 
hunted for, but the grim monster was not to be found. Hunger, 
wdth all its biting pangs and debasing evils, was to seize upon us. 

The stomach, that organ of full life and joyous health, was to 
suffer for a tenant, and the craving appetite was to go unsatiated in 
the midst of plenty, and its owner to repine in the days of meat and 
bread, only that the ambition of a barbarous, cowardly, malicious 
and inhuman foe, might be gratified. 

The tongue was to be parched by heat, while nature, so plente- 
ous in water, and so abundant in liquids, was not able to quench, or 
for a moment slake the burning thirst. She was denied this privi- 
lege only that an insolent and haughty foe might w^reak their cow- 
ardly vengeance on the defenseless, who had, like brave men, and: 
men of honor and integrity, gone forth to the field of strife, and? 
staked their all in the face of muskets, cannons and bayonets. 

The mind was left to think of home, and friends, of fireside, andi 
childhood's bright days, and wonder that humanity had gone forev- 
er ; and that mercy had hid her face in disgust. It was left to 
dream of water to quench the thirst, of food to satisfy the stomach,, 
of clothes to clothe the body, of fire to warm the shivering limbs andi 
paked body. 



SECTION IV. 

Sufferings in the boat. 

After it was ascertained beyond doubt that no exchange eouldl 
be effected without concessions on the part of the Federals, they re- 
solved to exhaust the fire of their wrath upon the defenseless pris- 
oners in their hands, in number the six hundred. Their long pent 
up wrath, united with thier cowardly perfidy, was now put to work.. 

Every inhuman device was eagerly sought and diligently medi- 
tated upon, until finally the plan was matured. 

We were soon under sail and anchored in Hilton Head harbor.. 



SECTIONIV. 23 

We were then driven in the middle deck or hold, the hatchways 
were closed, the port holes fastened so as to admit neither light nor 
air — thus we were entirely excluded from light or fresh air. 

I have already stated that we were so densely crowded, that there 
was not space enough to lie down. An idea may be had of our con- 
dition in such a mass, and denied light or fresh air. 

At this season of the year the climate in the South is excessively 
hot, so hot, that it can scarcely be borne by Northern or Western 
persons under ordinary circumstances ; much less in our condition — 
the thermometer being about 96 to 99 degrees. 

Added to this immense heat and absence of fresh air, was the heat 
from the boiler, which was kept heated continually, not for purpo- 
-ses of sailing — for we were at anchor — but to torment and punish 
us with the powerful heat. 

The combination of heat from the atmosphere, and that from the 
boiler, with the absence of fresh air, made the scene one of horror, 
dreadful agony, and wretched misery. The mouth and lips became 
fervid and parched with the intolerable heat. The brain became 
almost senseless with heat and languidness. 

The hands and feet almost ceased to move in obedience to the 
will ; the cheeks became pale, and bore the appearance of the pale- 
ness of death ; and the whole visage betrayed emotions of the deep- 
est, though hidden, sutFering. 

The eyes wore a deathly aspect, a lead paleness, that spoke too " 
plainly the sufferings of the brain. The whole frame quivered with 
languor and restlessness," beneath the suffocating of the heat. 

The pulse almost ceased to beat its accustomed tone of healthy 
■life, and the heart scarcely heaved forth its usual bub dub, the index 
of a healthy body, and a soul free from the gnawings of conscience. 

But there is no pen or tongue can describe the horrid sufferings, 
the dreadful misery, and the excruciating torments of that wrathful 
scene. My heart recoils with a kind of tlreaded despair, whenever 
I recall to memory the scenes of that horrible prison, the Crescent. 

Misery was depicted in every countenance, and every visage wore 
the deepest aspect of woe. Every breath that was heaved forth, 
betrayed the emotions of a repining spirit, hourly losing its vitality, 
by the horrible suffering, and rushing it rapidly into eternity. Al- 
most every breath was heaved forth with a groan of horror. 

Every groan was one of misery and wretchedness, and told in 
words too plain for refutation, how the miserable wretch was 
wasting away his life, and how fearfully the heat was telling upon 
iiis vitals. 

Every tear was one forced to the eye by the excruciating pain 



24 PRISONLIFE. 

occasioned by the heat, and almost every word was one of despair 
and misery. 

There were no words of pleasure — none of home — none of conso- 
lation ; but on every side was heard the word, " O, how hot ! O, 
for fresh air !" " I am suffocating for want of fresh air !" 

The words of woe, misery and despair ; the sighs of wretched- 
ness ; the groans of anguish ; the tears of affliction, and the con- 
tinual wail of sorrow and torment, made the scene too horrid for 
contemplation, and too sickening to behold. 

Those hours or days of anguish are too detestable to be forced 
upon the memory ; and I shudder^ when called upon, to narrate the 
facts. They often haunt me in ray dreams, and make vivid to my 
mind the shrieks of pain, the groans of misery, the cries of despair, 
and the wailings of agony of the six hundred. 

The food given to us during these sufferings was of the roughest 
quality, and in quantity was not sufficient to allay the gnawing 
pangs of hunger^ 

It consisted of pickled pork — having been damaged by shipping 
and various other causes, until it was unfit for use in the army — - 
and army crackers, which looked as though they had been man- 
ufactured for use in the War of 1776. 

They w-ere entirely unfit for eating, and would not have be^rt 
eaten by the dogs of a farmer. They were completely filled with 
worms, bugs, and other living creepers ; and yet so great was our 
hunger, that w^e ate them with greediness, and thought they were 
quite palatable. 

The conduct of the Federals on this occasion was very severe, 
cruel, and inhuman. Their words were spoken with fierceness and 
w^rath, and their whole deportment betrayed their detertnination to' 
afflict and punish us. 

We were carefully guarded, though confined to the boat and 
even to the hold, and the boat anchored several yards from the 
shore, yet it was thought quite unsafe to leave us without a guard; 
We were guarded in the boat by the strictest sentinels, and not suf- 
fered to overleap our privileges, w^hich were confinement to the 
hold of the boat, without light or fresh air. 

During the night we were guarded with greater exactness, and A 
small boat made a circuit around us continuously the whole night ', 
And so fearful were they that we would escape, that they suffered 
but one to leave the hold at a time for natural purposes. 

It must be kept in mind that the heat during all this time was 
almost intolerable, and rendered more oppressive to us by our close' 
confinement and exclusion from light and a free atmosphere^ together 



S E C T I O N I V . 2d 

"vvlth the great heat issuing from the boiler, which was kept heated 
for the sole purpose of punishing the rebs. 

We suffered very much from the seal-city of water. At first 
water was given once a clay in a barrel. This was exhausted long 
tefore the usual return of water the next day, thus giving us several 
hours each day to suffer for water. 

After a few days water was given in smaller quantities and not at 
regular intervals, thus causing greater suffering. The water had 
a most unpleasant look, an exceedingly offensive smell, and a disa- 
greeable, disgusting taste, and usually sickened those who used it. 

This water was shipped, it was said, from wells on the Island. 
I am not prepared to say from whence it came, but knew that it 
was not fresh, but filthy, sickly water, injurious to health and op- 
pressive to the taste, and offensive to the olfactory organs. 

In a short time they ceased to bring waiter from the Island, and 
then ensued a scene of suffering for water, which surpassed all hith- 
erto knowm. At one time we had no water for forty hours. O, 
the intense suffering of those forty hours is beyond description ! 
No pen could convey to the mind an idea of the cruel agony of 
suffering Without water, shut out from light and fresh air in the 
heat of summer, and confined with a heated steam boiler* 

Description might be beggared in vain to convey to the senses ^ 
faint idea of this horrible scene. The mind, pregnant with ideas of 
every character could form no conception of the bitter pains of 
those hours. 

The scene would not have been so terrific had we not been re- 
fused light and fresh air, and had not been burnt and parched by 
the excessive heat of the boiler. Men sank, shrank, begged, wept, 
mourned, lamented, swore, raved, fainted, and sickened under the 
dreadful blow. 

Men of strong: and vigorous frames sank down in sickness and 
misery under the tortures inflicted upon them. Immense drops df 
perspiration flowed from every pore, and anguish was heard frottl 
every tongue, and misery depicted in every countenance- 
Men of powerful nerve fainted away like children, under the 
dire effects of the heat. Death was eagerly sought and wished for 
by all, being preferable to life combined with this scene of suffering. 

Men of the strongest minds and of the greatest firmness wept 
like babes for the precious earthly gift, umfer. Many bowed on 
their knees before their cruel tormentors, and begged like children 
for a single draught of water. 

During this time no words were heard but those of sorrow and 
misery ; no subject was discussed but the one which engrossed every 
4 



26 PRISON LIFE. 

mind, " water^ Water, water, was the continual cry heard on 
every side and from every mouth. 

The mind could not for a moment regale itself upon anythin*^ 
else. The only thought was water, water, water. All the thought 
of home, friends, loved ones, country, cause, liberty, self, God, or 
eternity, were driven from the mind, and their place supplanted by 
the thought of water. 

Even in sleep the mind could not rest for dreaming of water and 
ruminating upon the fine springs, wells, creeks and rivulets with 
which it had in former days been familiar. No calm repose or un- 
disturbed sleep was left for the mind, but the thought of water, water. 

The converse of battle, of home, of friends, of love, of joy, of 
pleasure, of country, of ease and tranquility, of God and eternity, 
and of all those things which engage tongue and give exercise to 
the vocal organs, was unheard, and its place supplied with water, 
water, water. 

Many persons in sound health became pale and sickly, and their 
parched lips, sallow complexions, and wrinkled faces, betraj'ed, in 
unmistakable lines the approach of the destroyer. 

After this horrible agony of forty hours, we were gratified with 
the return of water. The condensing vessels were put to work, 
and we were supplied with boiling water, — the external heat not 
being sufficient, we were given boiling water to augment its strength. 
During the remainder of our stay in the boat we had no other for 
use but boiling water as it ran from the condenser. 

Men were so eager for water, and it was given in such small 
quantities, that there was no time given it to cool. It was taken 
boiling hot, and being poured from one vessel to another, grew cold 
enough in some minutes that it could be drank without burning the 
month when it was drank. 

We remained in this condition in the boat for eighteen days, en- 
during all the suffering and misery above enumerated. Indeed, no 
suffering could have been more cruel, and nothing could have be- 
fallen us than which would have so reduced us. 

No agony or pain could have been greater than the agony created 
by thirst and the dreadful misery of being without light or fresh air. 

Many of us became so reduced during these sufferings, that we 
were unable to leave the boat. About fifty bad to be carried away, 
being unable to walk. Many suffered severely from disease even 
before we left the boat. 

General foster commanded in the South at the time above alluded 
to. He possessed as much villainy, cowardice, inhumanity, and 
Yankee perfidy as almost any other Yankee. 



S E C T I O N V . 27 

Several things were kept in view while torturing the prisoners. 
One was to compel the Southern conQmaader to yield to Yankee 
proposals for an exchange, but he appeared to be inexorable and 
firna as adamant. 

Another was to wreak their long pent up vengeance upon the 
heads of defenseless prisoners, — a sure mark of villainy and cow- 
ardice, and a plain exhibition of inhumanity, and an unmistakable 
evidence of the perfidy for which Yankees have been so universally 
known and branded. 

Another was to destroy as many Confeds as possible, without 
the loss of a single Yank', and various other ideas were kept in 
view by the cowardly and inhuman FoHe.r. 



SECTION V. 

TREATMEN, ETC., AT MORRls' ISLAND SITUATION, INCIDENTS, ETC. 

After the suffering in the boat, one more ineffectual application 
was made for an exchange, but Gen. Jones, the Confederate com- 
mander, remained firm to his first decision, which was that no ex- 
change could be effected unless a proportionate share of privates be 
exchanged Vv'ith the officers. 

Gen. Foster not acceding to this firm proposal of the Rebel com- 
mander commenced preparing to execut his cruel threat, namely, 
placing us under the fire of our own guns. 

For this purpose a pen was constructed on Morris' Island close 
to battery Wagner, and in the direct range of our guns at Fort 
Moultrie, and whenever a shell fell short of Wagner, it would un- 
doubtedly fail among us. 

The land there is entirely level, and destitute of grass, rocks or 
trees, being only an immense plain of white sand, which, being 
heated by the rays of a Southern sun, makes sufficient heat to cook 
an egg. 

llha prison pen enclosed near three acres. It was made in a 
rectangle almost square. A trench of several feet in depth was 
dug on every side, pine poles several feet in length were then pro- 
cured and placed perpendicular side by side so close as not to admit 
the entrance of the smallest animal. This was continued until the 
entire square was enclosed. The excavated sand was then crowded 
down by the side of the posts until ail was solid and firm. 

A small entrance was left at one end so as to admit the prisoners, 
their attendants, guards, provisions, &c. This was well secured by 
a large and strong gate, which was kept locked most of the time. 



28 PRISOULIFE. 

On the outside of the pine poles, about twelve feet from the 
ground, a parapet was made of plank sufficiently wide and strong 
enough uS permit several sentinels on each side, who prom- 
enaded it day and night, and watched with ever wakeful and vigor- 
ous eye, Jonny Reb. 

On the inside of the enclosure, about thirty feet from the pine 
poles, stakes were driven in the sand parallel with the wall. All 
around, from the gate back again a rope was stretched from one ta 
the other, so as to reach all around the sides and the ends. 

Inside of the rope was the place allotted to us. We were not 
permitted to touch the rope upon pain of being instantly shot. Any 
one endeavoring to cross the rope was shot without hesitancy. The 
space between the rope and the wall was used for various Yankee 
purposes. The most general was that of entertaining those who 
admire and gaze upon suffering humanity, and to heap taunts and 
reproaches. 

The space allotted to us was laid off into wide streets, on each 
side of which was a row of tents. The tents numbered one hun- 
dred and fifty. Allowing four to each tent, they just contained the 
six hundred. The tents were small army tents, capable of holding 
two men, but there had to be room found in each for four. 

The Pen was situated two hundred and fifty yards from Battery 
Wagner. Every shell thrown from it caused a gar in our Pen. We 
were four hundred yards from Battery Gregg, which kept up a reg- 
ular fire on Fort Moultrie and Fort Sumpter. 

We were five hundred yards from Cumming's Point, which kept 
lip day and night, a continuous fire on the town of Charleston. 
We were seven hundred yards from Fort Sumpter, and frequently 
had a view of the structureless and shapeless mass of rubbish com- 
posing it. 

Our situation was twelve hundred yards from Fort Moultrie on 
Sullivan's Island, which kept up a slow fire upon all the Yankee 
batteries. It was supposed that the shells from this point would 
fall among us. 

An ironclad was kept on picket near Sullivan's Island and Sump- 
ter, which occasionally fired on Sumpter and Moultrie. 

We were carefully guarded in this enclosure by two regiments of 
negroes who wore all the blackness, and exhibited all the cruelty 
so peculiar to descendants of Africa. These regiments were com- 
manded by white officers, -who exercised over them the strictest 
discipline, and most rigorous dominion. 

The white officers were men of very narrow intellect and but 
limited education — a slight acquaintance with tactics and military 



SECTIONV. 29 

discipline, and utterly devoid of principle, truth and honor, or any 
of those manly traits which distinguish the white man from the ne- 
gro. They were almost to a unit New England offscourings. 

The chief commander was one Hallowell of Philadelphia. He^ 
was the most inhuman brute that I evep beheld in the shape of a 
man. He possessed neither principle, sense, honor, humanity nor 
shame: was in every particular a perfect sample of Yankee dishon- 
esty, inhumanity, barbarity and cruelty. His eye betrayed such 
cowardly cruelty, that he could never look a prisoner in the face, 
and all his words were those of a tyrant. 

It was a noted fact concerning all the white officers, that at home, 
they possessed neither principle, nor honor, nor any of the marks of 
a gentleman or a Christian. 

The privates were niggers of the deepest dye, and betrayed all 
the ignorance, villainy and cruelty peculiar to barbarians. Their 
conduct toward the prisoners was characterized by great cruelty 
and inhumanity. They heaped any amount of unprovoked abuse 
upon us. And it appeared to be their chief glory to abuse and mal- 
treat the prisoners. 

They promenaded their walk from one end to the other, casting 
a vicious and revengeful eye at their defenseless charge, and con- 
tinually offering some unprovoked offense ; and no prisoner dare re- 
ply upon pain of instant death. 

The abusive phrase, " Look out dare, white man I I's gwine to 
shoot ! my bullet 's burnin to go into you !" — was heard almost 
continually. It soon became quite oilious to the ears of a prisoner, 
and their continual nigger brogue, and filthy nigger songs, and ^g- 
ger abuse, became unpalatable. 

At four o'clock in the morning, at twelve in the day, at sunset, 
and at nine in the night, two nigger shavers entered the Pen, aB,d 
commenced a monotonous thumping upon two drums. They us.^-; 
ally beat about one hour, giving dreadful offense to the ears of sok 
diers who had been formerly accustomed to the music of the drunOi 
and fife, for this was not music, only a noise. 

The prisoners were divided into eight squads or companies and a 
nigger appointed to attend to each. He was styled the sargent. 
His business was, first, to form line dress to the right, and then 
turn eyes to the front ; call the roll, and report to the white officer. 
Secondly : to see who was sick, and give him some abuse for being 
sick. 

Thirdly, to issue the regular rations each day, o{ nothing ; to at- 
tend to the water casks — to see that every one eat his scanty resh- 
un — fourthly, to oversee the squad detailed to rake up the sand and 



30 P R I S O N L 1 F E . 

smooth it over every morning — fifthly, to enquire who would take 
the oath, and go North, and abuse those who refused, which was 
every last man. 

" 'Sixthly, to abuse every man in his squad, by calling him a liar, a 
thief, a coward, a traitor, a rebel, and various other outrageous epi- 
thets. No one dare resist this impudence, on pain of being cuffed 
and taken out to be dealt with in another way. 

Seventhly, to steal all they could from their helpless charge, and 
steal their scanty reskuns, after they had been administered to the 
prisoners. 

Eighthly, to search every man's person and baggage, in order to 
ascertain whether any one had any contraband articles about him- 
self or his baggage. 

At the usual drum beats before alluded to, eight niggers came as 
orderly as a Brigadier General, and commanded, " fall in company," 
B, or A, or whatever it was. When all the company immediately 
took their places in rank, the refusal to do so would have procured 
for the offender, a nigger kick and cuff. 

The company, after having gotten their places, were commanded 
to dress to the right by the side of a big, greasy, thick-lipped negro. 
After this was done, they we'ie cominanded to look steadily to the 
front, and take the position of a soldier. 

Any insubordination on the part of a prisoner, or refusal to com- 
ply with nigger rules, was punished by nigger rule and authority, 
which was usually a good kicking and severe tousing. 

After the line had taken its position, the roll was called by the 
pigger Sargeant, and then counted carefully over for fear that some 
one had escaped. The negro then took his place at the right, 
and all had to remain perfectly silent, awaiting the approach of the 
white officerj who presently made his appearance, wearing the vis- 
age of a villain or murderer. 

At his approach, every one had to take the regu]ciT posts h of n 
soldier, to receive de wile gemmen wich goverd de cidud gemmen. 
He finally drew near and took a conspicuous place oa the right, 
after which the colored gemmen on our right bowed gracefully in 
military style, md made his report. 

If any thing chanced to be wrong, the nigger was fiercely an- 
swered by his white master, and this censure always foretold us of 
^, fierce nigger reproof; for this always followed. 

During the day we were frequently visited by the culud gemmen, 
who came only to call us liars, thieves, rogues, and other cowardly 
epithets, which could be used in their fiercest sense by brutal and 
isrnorant negroes. 



S E C T I O N V . ol 

They frequently took care to examine our baggage, tents, clothes, 
blankets and persons, in order, they said, to ascertain whether we 
had any contraband ai'ticles, or whether there was any traitor who, 
by clandestine means, procured us such articles. Eut their real mo- 
tive was to abuse the prisoners, to pilfer from them small articles, 
and their money, small papers, pictures, rings, &c. 

This was also a means by which they humbled the pride of the 
prisoners, and poured out tbeir nigger, or barbarous fury upon the 
" Southern nigger killers," as they termed them. 

They searched at stated intervals under all the tents, to ascertain 
whether the prisoners were attempting to tunnel out by underground 
means, a device resorted to at .Johnson's Island, Elmira, Fort Dela- 
ware, and other places, to etfect an escape. 

We were not permitted to collect in crowds of more than three, 
any where within the Pen, unless a Federal officer w-as in the crowd. 
Tiie reason assior.ed for this inhumaji and outrao;eous violation of 
the rules of society, Chiistirinity, and military discipline, w^as, that 
when uncollected and scattered, we could not devise and mature 
plans to effect our escape. 

So fea.ful were the cowardly villains that we would try to es- 
cape, that the guns of VVogner adjacent to the Pen were kept con- 
tinually charged with deadly missiies, so that upon the shortest 
notice, they might be hurled in our midst. Battery Gregg was 
treated in a similar manner. 

In addition to this, two batteries of field artillery were always at 
hand, and ready for action, and two regiments of Jiegroes, number- 
ing about eight hundred each, and also a battery of small guns ire 
number sixty, was placed at the gate, on the outside wall, charged,, 
and aUvays ready for active service. Tiiese were the great pre- 
cautions used to secure 5-50 wretched, starving prisoners. 

When we collected in crow'ds of more than three, the nearest sen- 
tinel would cry out, " spene dat crowd,'" \\\i\\ all the malice and 
authority characteristic of the newly emancipated freedraen let loose 
from bondage and restraint, and now free to eject his nigger igno- 
rance in every direction, and upon any one. 

Immediately on receiving this order, the crowd W'Ould disperse 
without saying a word, whatever was the subject of discourse. A 
refusal to obey de culud gemmen's order, was followed by the dis- 
charge of a musket and the groans of a wounded prisoner — perhaps- 
one who was lying wrapped in slumber in his tent — the ball missing 
{he offender and finding an allodgment elsewhere. 

Firing upon the prisoners was of frequent occurrence. The vio- 
lation of rules which w^re petty and unnecessary, was the reason 



32 PRISON LIFE. 

assigncfl for the firiiif^. The rules were marie simple, that some one 
would tlisobey, ahd thereby be killed — for barbarous as they Were, 
they did not like to shoot without some pretext, however small. 

•The rules were of such a character, that some one would be cer- 
tain to disobey ; and when a day passed without some insubordina- 
tion, a new rule was immediately formed, so as to have a pretext 
for Sambo to shoot some starving prisoner. 

And frequently rules were made and not given to the prisoners, 
and the first intimation to the offender of his offense, or of the exist- 
ence of such a rule, was a salute from a Yankee ball. 

We were not permitted to collect together in our tents. If a 
sentinel noticed any more than the inmates of a tent collecting to- 
gether in the same, he would immediately fire into the tent. We 
were not suffered to talk loud, or halloo, or shout. If any one 
presumed upon this authority, he was immediately silenced by the 
cuiud gemmen. ^ 

Regarding this rule, thet-e was perfect silence in the Pen — no 
talking, except in a low tone ; no laughing, unless suppressed ; no 
shouting to another at a distance; no enquiries about idle affairs j 
no noisy army talk, and especially quarreling. 

Singing was not tolerated by Samho, it being a violation oh de 
wite gemmen' s rule. He punished it by shooting, or shooting at 
the ofl'ender. Thus singings praying, pi'eaching, and anything like 
worship was entirely denied these abominable cusses of Adam's race, 
confined in the pine pole pen, who had committed such a great na- 
tional sin. 

Fire was not permitted to come within the Pen — indeed it was 
not desirable except of a rainy or foggy morning when the sea- 
breeze was very chilling. When the sun shone, the heat was very 
burdensome, and almost intolerable. The sand frequently got so 
hot that it was impossible to walk upon it in bare feet. 

In the morning, the atmosphere was pleasant, but directly after 
the rising of t}ie sun, it became very hot and continued so till near 
midnight. On rainy and foggy mornings, the atmosphere was very 
chilly and exceedingly disagreeable, and as thinly and por>rly clad 
fas the prisoners were, they suffered from the chilly and dafiitp at- 
mosphere, but were in the proper dress for the heat. 

The Yankees at no time gave to the prisoners any articles bf 
clothing, bedding, or anything to shelter the person from obsefva- 
tiOHj the chilling blast, or the burning rays of the sun. 

At 9 o'clock every prisoner was required to go to bed. After 
that time no one was allowed to talk only in a whisper. If any 
one abused this privilege, as it was called, by talking aloud,- he waS 
instantly fired upon. 



SECTION V . 33 

No one could leave his tent only for necessary purposes, and then 
Was frequently fired upon. No one was allowed, during the night, 
to go out of his own street. 

Many of the prisoners contracted severe and fatal diseases from 
their continued confinement, harsh treatment, and aggravated starv- 
ing. The various changes of the atmosphere were also conducive 
to disease; and the insalubrity of the climate had an injurious effect 
upon those used to a more northern and regular climate and tho 
comforts of home. 

In cases of disease we received some medical attention. It was 
called such, but was in reality worse than none, and had an injurious 
elfect upon the prisoners, and sometimes resulittl in feaiful con- 
sequences. 

The medical attendant, styled a surgecnj was one of tlinse vain, 
villainous, and inhuman northerners whose conduct is offensive to 
all honest men, and whoso very countenance betrays the wicktd 
and deceitful heart within the breast: 

The professed Medicus — but in reality only a common cifizen — 
would come to the pen every morning to examine the sick, as he 
said, but for no other purpose in reality, than to heap abu.^-es upon 
them, and argue with them upon the impropriety and n;eanness of 
their course in defying the government of the tlnited States. 

After having abused the prisoners enough, he would frequently 
leave some pillsj as he called them, which, upon close inspection/ 
proved to be small lumps of dough. These were to be' taken in 
small doses by the sick. These pills would have been very desira- 
ble, if they had been given several pounds at a time. 

Our rations were given to us three times a day. They were hi 
small quantities, as the following description will show : In tlie 
morning after roll-call, two greasy, thick-lipped niggers entered 
each street bearing a box containino hard bread or crackers^ as they 
were generally called, or better known by the ai-my phrase hard t-ck. 
These crackers were the small army crackers, being about three 
inches square, and one quarter inch thick. They were baked very 
bard, as all crackers are, and they had the appearance of having been 
manufactured for the campaign of i77ii. They looked so antique. 
They evidently were quite a numbei- of years old from their old 
and musty appearance. They were covered with a fine quantity of 
very nice mould, which added greatly to their fine acid taste, and 
made them quite palatable to those wlio preferred sour and mouldy 
crackers. 

In short, numbers of them were entirely rotten, and unfit for any 
use whatever, but the prisoners ate them greedily , and beggedybr ?7?ore. 
They appeared to be somewhat moth e;iten, for they were full of 
large and small indentations, anri bore stiong evidence of having been 
accessible to some rodeniia or gnawing animals, and ceitainiy were 
visited much and frequently by them. 

Some of the rodentia had taken up their continual abode in the 
crackers. They were found in large numbers, and quite corpulent. 
They were about one quarter inch long and less, and not very thick. 
5 



34 PRISON LIFE. 

They had a while appearance, and / believe were catted maggots. 

Vast quantities of them and their eggs were contained in a single 
cracker. An attem))t to dislodge theia resulted in the complete an- 
nihilation of the cracker as a whole, and its entire loss to the ownei , 
which, considering the circumstances, was a matter of no small con- 
sequence, but on the contrary, one of very great importance, and no 
one attempted to rid the cracker of the vermin, knowing the final 
result, but greedily devoured both. 

Taking into consideration the fact that the crackers contained 
quantities of vermin, rust, mould, &c., and were very sour, and some 
entirely rotten, made it a scene of starving, even if they had been 
given in sufficient quantities to allay the pangs of hunger, and to 
satiate the longing appetite. 

It has been stated that the crackers were given in the morning by 
the two niggers. They conveyed the box to the door of each tent, 
and cried aloud, get your Iiard tack. They then, with black, filthy 
hands, threw them into the tent as if throwing them to dogs. Three 
of these small crackers were given for one day. 

This was not sufficient for more than half a meal, and the suffering 
on the account of the scarcity of food is indescribable. At twelve 
o'clock the same greasy niggers bore through each street and to each 
tent door a box of horse or mule meat, rotten, and, of course filthy, 
full of bugs and worms, and a variety of other filth* They gave 
the usual shout, come and get your meat, and then with black, greasy, 
filthy hands, they issued the meat reshuns to the starving and wretch- 
ed six hundred. They stated that five ounces of meat were allowed 
for each prisoner, but he really only got about two ounces, and 
very frequently not tliat. 

At four o'clock the same niggers came round with a camp kettle 
full of liquid called soup, though, in reality only warm water in 
which beans or rice had been cooked. They proposed to give us 
bean or rice soup every dayi, and they certainly cooked the beans or 
rice, but when they Were Cooked, the niggers eat the beans and 
rice, and brought to us the water. 

Thus our food consisted of three small crackers three inches 
square, one quarter inch thick, two ounces of meat, (mule or horse,) 
and half a pint of warm water imitation of soup. Thus we starved 
day after day and night after night. The rations \Vere nearly 
enough for one meal. I usually ate it all at once, that was in the 
evening, and involuntarily fasted till the next. 

Considering the smallness of our daily ration, it is not at all won- 
derful that we suffered the bitterest and most pinching hunger. The 
only w^onder is, that we did not all starve to death in this horrible 
place. 

But the hungry scenes of those wrathful days are indescribable, 
and any attempt to picture them in all their horrible magnitude and 
terrific grandeur, so as to do equal justice to the sufferers and their 
inhuman oppressors would be totally impossible with tongue or pen. 

Yet we may draw inferences from them, and by narrating some of 
them, we may form some faint idea, and have some very remote 
conception of their dreadfulness. Try to imagine yourself, gentle 



S E C T I O N V . 35 

reader, deprived of all the comforts of home and friends, confined 
in some filthy pen, on some sandy and desolate Island, apart from 
white society, and knowing yourself to be at the mercy of some 
cannibals, then you may have a narrow idea of the wretched 
situation of the six hundred. 

Again, imagine yourself abused and taunted by the ruthless foe, 
fired upon, and not being permitted to return a single retort for all 
their otfences, and yourself poorly fed with but one scant meal a day, 
and that consisting of mouldy, rotten, wormy bread, and rotten 
mule meat, and warm water, then you can have some idea of the 
miseries of the starving six hundred. 

Starvation and Ihe bitter pangs of hunger were depicted in every 
countenance, were seen in every face, exhibited in every look, and 
heard on every side. Oh, there is no misery so dreadful, no sorrow 
so deep, no wretchedness so complete, no agony so much to be dread - 
ed, as that of starving in the midst of plenty, only that the wrath 
of man may be satiated and his hated vengeance glutted. My body 
recoils and shudders when these agonizing scenes are forcetl upon 
my mind. 

The prisoners grew familiar with hunger, cold, heat and misery. 
They submitted to their fate with that cheerfulness which is char- 
acteristic of the man whose conscience assures him that his course 
is right and just. They bore their suffering with great fortitude 
and manly energy. 

The water given us to drink was of an inferior quality, procured 
from wells dug in the sand upon the beach. It was given in suffi- 
cient quantities, the only thing of which we can boast that we had 
enough. It was hauled inside on wagons, and left for use in tubs 
and barrels. 

The inhabitants of Charleston sent to us by flag of truce a large 
quantity of provisions snugly boxed and nicely prepared for use. 
But Sambo must first have his share of them, and the remainder could 
not be given to us until one of the white gemmen was at leisure so 
he could inspect the distribution. By this time the sweet potatoes, 
of which there was a large quantity, were all mouldy and unfit for 
use. The cooked meat and bread was also spoiled. Thus we were 
deprived of the use of the provisions sent by the generous-hearted 
inhabitants of Charleston, to their suffering brethren on the dreary 
and sandy island called Morris'. 

Vast numbers of shells were thrown every day from the Federal 
batteries to various points, and from different batteries. Gregg kept 
up an incessant fire day and night upon Sumpter and Moultrie. This 
fire drew a return from Moultrie, which was executed at long in- 
tervals, and only when something was to be accomplished by the action. 

Wagner frequently threw shells at Moultrie in order to draw her 
fire, so that, falling short, it might fall amongst us. This was fre- 
quently the case, fragments of shells falUng among the prisoners, 
and, indeed, on every side of the pen, yet no man was seriously in- 
jured by any explosion. But numbers of the niggers, and several 
of the white gemmen, were seriously wounded, and some were 
launched into the spirit world. 



86 PHISON LIFE. 

One shell thrown i'rom Moultrie exploded immediately over as, 
but most of the fragments missed the pen^ and killed a number of 
negroes composing tlie guard. Another one fell in Wagner and did 
not explode for some time afterward, but at the explosion killed a 
number of the garrison. 

The guard were frequently driven from their posts by the Rebel 
shells, and numbers of them were frequently killed and wounded. 
Teamsters, and others, traveling about the Island, were frequently 
killed and wounded, and no day passed without the death of some 
Federal soldiers. 

The gunners at Moultrie were so expert that they eould kill Yan- 
kees on every side' of us, and we be almost secure from danger. Yet 
it is to be wondered at that none were killed, considering the great 
amount of shelling done. 

The Federals had a gun mounted at Wagner whiich invariably 
bursted th(> shell immediately after leaviiig the gun. They some- 
times used this gun to fire directly over our pen, pretending to be 
firing upon Sumpter, supposing that the fragments wowld kill some 
of the prisoners, but in this they failed, but frequently killed some 
of their sable sons of Mars, by experimenting upon Rebels. 

It was a grand yet fearful sight to behold the shelling at night. 
The guns were three-hundred-pounder rifled pieces, and at every 
discharge produced a concussion which shook the sandy Island like 
the convulsive throes of an earthquake, and shook the entire frame 
from head to foot. Next was seen the fiery and death-bearing ele- 
ment springing from the guns with the velocity of a shadow, and by- 
its projectile force soaring aloft into the smooth space above, a long 
fiery tail resembling that of a comet trailino- behind, 

T ■ I • • • 

It continued its course till being overpowered by the attractmg 
])Ower of the earth, and having lost its projectile energy, it began to 
descend rapidly. The nearer it approached its destiny the greater 
its velocity. When nearing the destined place, suddenly with the 
concussion of a thunderbolt it burst, and the fragments were heard 
singing the death knell on every side. Soon the groans of some 
poor wretch was heard who had been wounded, or the death shriek 
of some miserable creature who had found his eternal all. 

Thus day after day and night after night we feasted our longing 
eyes with the grandeur of these death-bearing scenes, and filled our 
minds with the horrors attending the same. Our ears were con- 
stantly greeted with the roar of artillery, the concussion of shells, 
the groans of wounded, or the shrieks of the dying. 

Oh, the misery of having the ear constantly filled with such dole- 
ful sounds, the misery, the horrible misery, the wretched agony of 
anticipating death at every moment ! The battle-field was pleasure 
compared with this, for its scenes only lasted a few hours and only 
occurred a few times in a year ; but here death from shells was a 
continual dread. The mind was continually filled with the horrible 
prospect of instant death, not only now and then, but every moment. 
Both day and night, there was no one moment that the mind was 
free from the dreadful thought. 

Thus exposed to the continual shelling of the Confederate guns. 



S E C T I O N V I . 37 

and also the Federal p;uns of Wagner, we lingered on from day to 
day. Also at the hands of our ci-uel guards we suffeied eveiy in- 
dignity and cruel punishment which could be inflicted upon us. 

Pinched by the dieadful pains of hunger, we longed for' death, and 
dreaded not to meet the monster. Every day we grew more wielch- 
ed, and lost more of the traits and character of humans, and by con- 
tinually abusing and being abused, we grew familiar with sin and 
wickedness in every shape. 

Thus living on three crackers and two ounces of meat and some 
warm water, abused, fired upon, shelled, cursed, starved, and rendered 
miserable in every form, we lingered on for forty-five days in this 
horrible place, ere we were permitted to bid a final, and I hope an 
everlasting farewell to Morris' Island. 

SECTION VI. 

Voyage to Fort Pulaski — treatment there, &c. 

After sufFering the dreadful miseries and unsurpassable wretched- 
ness of Morris' Island for forty-five days, another ineffectual effoi-t 
was made for our exchange, but Gen. Jones remained firm as ada- 
mant, and would not swerve a hair from his fiist proposition. 

The Federals failino' in their Morris Island undertaking:, determ- 
ined to ship us to some other point ; and preparations were immedi- 
ately made for that purpose, but many poor and haggard faces that 
once had been fresh and blooming, looked vacantly upon the scene 
of our late suffering, and as we departed, heaped many a silent curse 
upon the miserable, desecrated, and never to be forgotten place. 

We were marcbed in silence to the wharf. There were many 
faltering steps in that small body ti'udging toward the wharf, which 
had been in former days lively and iveii to act according to the dic- 
tates of the will and the wishes of the mind. 

We took passage in an old sea beaten and dismasted schooner, 
which had to be towed by another vessel ; and after a short, though y 

somewhat pleasant voyage contrasted with the previous scene of ^r 
misery and despair, we arrived in safety at Fort Pulaski, Nothing f 
of interest occurred on our voyage, except the attempt of some of 
the prisoners to escape. 

We were taken into custody by the Seventy-fourth N. Y. Volun- 
teers. They were a nice body of fellows, and displayed most of 
the traits of gentlemen. They treated us with great respect, and 
offered no insults to our dignity or position. We at)jieared to en- 
joy our situation rather better than any we had since we left Fort 
Delaware. 

The regiment was commanded by Col. Brown, a New Yorker of 
fine talents, and possessing all the characteristics of a gentleman of 
high honor and unblemished deportment. He used all his influence 
to make us comfortable, and yet we were very far from enjoying 
any thing like comfort, pleasure or enjoyment. 

Our provisions were given to us twice a day. They were in 
small quantities, yet the quality was good. They consisted of ba- 



38 P R 1 S O N L I F E . 

ker's bread anil boilt meat of a good quality. They were isstietl by 
the hands of white men — quite a different feature from the Morris 
Island manner of distiibuting reshuns. 

The bread .-nd meat was about half enopjgh to satisfy the crav- 
ings of the everloiiging appetite — that is, they were just enough for 
one meal, and half enough for another. Yet this was a very great 
improvement upon the quantity at Morris' Island, and certainly an 
exceedingly gieat improvement upon the quality. 

We were confined in the casemates of the fort, there being no- 
preparations made for reception or comfort. The cold brick walls 
on every side and overhead made the situation more horrble than 
the Pen of Morris' Island. The damp bricks furnished a very un- 
comfortable bed, and hurried on the diseases which many of us had 
previously contracted, and produced the same in many who had, till 
then, been healthy. 

Wate)- was given in sufficient supplies, and other accommodation, 
were of vei-y indifferent character. No fire was allowed within the 
casemates, and we suffered much from the chilliness and dampness 
of the atmosphere, and several died from its chilling effects. 

Considering the scene as a whole, it was one full of misery, and 
fraught with wretchedness. The provisions were of a good quality, 
yet of a very inferior quantity, and the conduct of the officers and 
soldiers was very humane. Exclusive of these two improvements upon 
the character of the Morris Island treatment, the remainder was 
equally as miserable and horrible as the Morris Island treatment. 

We remained at Fort Pulaski for some time, suffering the mise- 
ries and torments of Federal inhumanity, barbarity and cruelty. 
Indeed, the barbarity of these scenes scarcely has a parallel in the 
annals of human history. 

SECTION VII. 

Departure from Pulaski — voyage to Hilton Head, and treatment 

there. 

After spending some time in the bleak, dismal, damp and sickly 
casemates of Pulaski, we were suddenly called together, and two 
hundred of us were selected from the others, that number being half 
— for we had dwindled down to four hundred — for some purpose 
lunknown to us — the popular opinion was that we were to be ex- 
changed. 

So popular was this opinion, that many strong ajid robust men, 
y{[i_h a magnanimity worthy of imitation, proffered their places to 
their weakly and sickly fellows, and many offered large sums of Con- 
iedeirate money to the select ones to procure their places, and we 
really sunposeVl that the star of peace was rising, and that the sun 
of fiieedorn was about to burst upon us and free us from the domin- 
ion of Yankees and negroes. 

But we were destined to see and feel greater agonies and more 
deplorable miseries than any we had ever known, or ever for a mo- 
ment fancied. We were to change quarters, and be placed again 



SECTION VII 



39 



ute'iler the domitiion of a fierce, rigid, tyranical and inhuman foe. 

We took passage in a small steamer, and sailed from Pulaski to 
Hilton Head. Nothing of interest occiured on the voyage, and 
after a few hours of sailing we arriverl at Hilton Head, where we 
were lanc^ed and placed in tents for two days. 

At the expiration of this time we were removed to a square en- 
closure on the beach. This enclosure contained the banacks of the 
officers and privates, the cookhouses, hospital, guard house and 
general headquartei-s. 

It contained several acres, and was square. The surface of the 
earth beiiig entirely sand, there was no herbage of any kind inside. 
On the ^de next the beach were erected general headquarters, which 
consisted of several small, but neatly finished buildings, and ele- 
gantly furnished with the necessary furniture and fixings. 

On the west side, the barracks for the privates extended from one 
end to the other, consisting of small but comfoi table frame huts, and 
furnished with the niecessary bunks, furniture, &c. 

On the north and east sides there extended from one end to the- 
other a high plank wall, hiding from the view the outsi^'e scenes, and 
rendering the inside inaccessible to outside intruders. Also the un- 
occupied spaces between the buildings on the south and west were 
filled with the same wall. 

There was but one entrace to this Feudal castle, which was a 
large gate on the east, rigidly guarded. Near the centre was the- 
guard house, a commodious and comfortable structure for the conve- 
nience of the guard, both black and white. Near the guard house 
was the reshun house into which the meat and bread reshxlns were 
conveyed in a small, filthy, duflgy, and miserable cart, the bread 
partaking of the filth of the cart. 

To this building crowded every day at noon a promiscuous Cro-wd^ 
such as the sun scai'cely ever shines upon ; niggers dumb as mules; 
niggers wiser, niggers citizens,niggerssoldiers,mulattoes, half whites, 
oath-takers, white citizens, white soldiers, white women given up to 
wretchedness and abandoned to misery, nigger women, dirty, mean, 
filthy, ragged and wretched ; this was the crowd. 

Near the east side was the buikling for the reception of a part of 
this promiscuous and unsightly crowd. It was a long, wide and high 
building constructed of plank, and in every way made comfortable 
and delightful to its occupants. 

Near the angle formed by the union of the north and west sides 
we were situated. We were situated in two buildings, surrounded 
on three sides by sentinels, and on the fourth by the wall of plank 
on the north side of the enclosure. Our pen enclosed the cooking; 
and reshun house for the hospital, but no rations were served up 
within its portals for the starving two hundred unless they \ve<"e' 
about to die, when they were carried to the hospiliil. 

We were placed in two similar buildings, one hundred in each. 
These buildings were built of plank placed one against another, and 
of course affording light and plenty of fiesh air ihrnugh the openings 
between the planks. They had been originrlly erected for the use 
of military convicts of the Yankee army, and had never been de- 



40 P X I S O N L I F E , 

signed fatiitbe use of white men, but only lawless and miserable ne- 
groes, for' whom they only sei ved as a place of torment. They would 
have been cool anrl pleasant in summer, bur in winter admitted all the 
terrors of the cold and freezing atmosphere. 

They were probably seventy or eighty feet long, and were tvide 
enou(T-h to admit an aisle of several feet in the centre, with bunks on 
each si<le. ^Fhe burd<s were enclosed on every side by upright planks, 
thus being former! in small squares with bunks one above another. 
Each door was so fixefi as to be locked if necessary. The entrance 
to the aisles was closed by two large gates ke})t securely locked every 
night. 

In the daytime twenty persons were allowed to go out at a time. 
Then when one went in another could go out, so only twenty re- 
mained out at once. The roll was called three times a day. We were 
formed in front of the building, and as each man's unine was called 
he was required to go into the building. 

The hospital was situated in the upper story of one of the build- 
ings, and there were crowded together both yanks and rehs, but no 
Coitfed coulfl get a I'dace unless almost dead, and generally sure to 
die after getting there. Of course the hospital waS well furnished. 

The General commanding the department kept his headquarters 
here. Thompson, the post commander, was posted here. He was 
one of those cowardly, villainous, and cannibal Yankees which we so 
frequently found during our sufiftirings. He possessed all the cruelty^ 
barbarity and inhumanity which a man or beast could have. A Lieut. 
Griffin, holfling some position, was a very nice fellow, possessing the 
qualities of a soldier, (Christian and gentleman. 

Among the cjnard was but owe vis;Q:er, and he wassensible, rationaf 
and humane, having been born and raised in a Christian family in S. 
Carolina. The remainder of the guard were white, and excepting orie^ 
were men of good principles, and tteaied us with the respect due our 
rank and situation. We suffered but few indignities from the guard or 
officers, except Thompson, who heaped insults, meanness, abuses and 
curses upon us, and did everything in his power to render us miserable 
and wretched. The negroes, (outsiders), aiiused and cui-sed us at a 
fearful rate. 

The neoroes and others would come in and comraenre arguments 
with us purposely to curse and abuse us. Negroes were hired to come 
and abuse us. Private citizens, sailors, ministers^ doctors and hospi- 
tal and marine officers did all in their power to abuse and curse us. 

We were frequently visited by officers, sailors, marines, soldiers, 
niggers, citizens, nigger women, northern men, doctors, ministers, 
northern women, Yankee school-marms, white men married to nigger 
women, and white women married to niggers. Each one of these 
classes would try to persuade us at first to take the oath, anfl be freed 
from prison. Failing in this, they would try to aroue us out of the 
reasonableness of our cause, and of the wickedness of fighting against 
the old flag. 

Neither of these having the desired effect, they would heap upon us 
hundreds of anathemas, a multitude of abuses, and plenty of indigni- 



SECTION VII. 41 

ties — tantalize tis ant) call us names, anti hope that the government 
weald hang us all. 

Ministers, instead of warning us to flee the wrath 1o come, said, 
ta-ke the oath ; how wrong to fight against the old flag. In tact, these 
were the words used by all, not only ministers, but doctors, soldiers, 
sailors, women, niggers and all. 

We were frequently greeted by the sight of some .May Flower man, 
(Puritan), leatling round by his side, and under his wing, one of the 
sable daughters of Africa, black, thick-lipped, pitchy huzzy. We 
thought he had a fine odoriferous scent, and loved to regale his olfac- 
tory organs on the smell of Africa or her sable daughters. 

On some occasions white women of rare beauty were seen led by the 
-arm of a large, ugly, thick-lipped, greasy buck negro. We frequently 
thought she hsd a fine stomach, and could relish almost anything. 
Sometimes they would kiss their negro spouse in our presence to show 
us their sincerity, and also to taunt us by such conduct. Sometimes 
the childred were seen half-and-half. Such were some of the negro' 
scenes, or the result of amalgamation. 

We were not obliged to suffer here for water, as we had longed for 
that indispensable article in the boat. Water was quite abunfiant here'; 
There was a large well inside the enclosure, to which "U^e could go and 
satiate the thirsty appetite. These wells were dug in the sand, ancf 
■were nothing but sea water drained through the sand until partially 
relieved from the salt it became fit for use. 

The next subject of which we will treat will be that of food ; for 
here our treatment in that respect far exceeded in cruelty any we ha(f 
hitherto experienced. Indeed we had imagined that the cup of hiiman 
sufferings could not be fuller, and that the soul was susceptible of ntf 
greater miseries than those which we had previously felt. 

But we were destined to a more cruel and miserable doom than we 
could have imagined, and to greater sufferings than we had ei-er be- 
fore known or felt. The soul can have no conception, the imaginatioiv 
no idea, or the fancy picture no portrait of the miseries we endCired. 

The mind, the fancy, and all the powers of the soul fail to convef 
any idea of the wretchedness of the scene. The pen and the f6ngue 
lag behind in giving a description of the horrors of those daySj and \i 
is impossible upon paper, or in con vers-ition to give any unbiased nfvrnd 
any idea of the horrid miseries of the place. 

For two days after our arrivnl we were about half feci on pork an(? 
baker's bread ; at the expiration of these two days we were put ifpoa 
the regular diet, or the diet of retaliation, as it was callfd, had better 
been named the bread of sorrow, tears and affiiction. 

Our rations were given to us every morning, "^^hey consiste*' nf 
cornraeal alone, without either salt, meat, or vecretables o( fir.y kir-* 
firy cornmeal. It mi(i;ht have served a good purpose had it hvru iiivei 
in sufficient quantities and been suitable for use, or in any \\<\\ fit fo 
dogs; but it was neither suitable for use nor the ^uantifv suffer* r-t. 

The cornmeal had been ground for two years,' as appeared tion; '! • 
brand on the barrels, and in this time had become quite stale, sO m; eh 
so that it was both sour and bitter, ai:d to such a great degree did it 
6 



42 P R I S O ]^f L I F E . 

]iossess these qualities, that to a stomach not wholly given up to hun- 
ger and starvation, it would not have been in any ways eatable. 

It is not probable that the most voracious of dogs would have eaten 
it except in cases of extreme hunger and a near approach to starva- 
tion. We had to approach a state near to actual starvation before 
we could relish the sour and bitter cornmeal. 

It did not only possess the disagreeable and unrelishable tastes of 
sourness and bitterness, but those of rottenness, mouldiness,.mustiness, 
and a strong and exceedingly offensive smell, and added to this were 
great quantities of small worms, with the thousands of eggs, dirt, filth, 
and other bad qualities. 

This old, rotten, dirty, musty, stinking, wormy, and worm-eaten 
meal furnished food for us during our stay at Hilton Head; and it must 
be remembered that this meal alone was our diet, without salt,^ meat,, 
or vegetables — cornmeal alone. 

We received, as the Quartermaster stated, according to government 
rules, half rations, which would have been ten ounces, but we receiveri 
in reality only six, and sometimes only four, and less, and this had \f> 
satiatetheappetite for twenty-four hours. It was just bread enoughfor 
one meal, if there had been meat, and the bread been a good quality. 

But considering the quantity and quality of the meal, it was horrible 
indeed, to be confined with no other article of food but this, and only 
six ounces of it to satisfy an appetite for twenty-four hours ; and then 
the sour and bitter taste, with the offensive smell, the rotten, musty, 
and mouldy quality, and the abundance of worms and their depositesT 
It was horribly outrageous that humans, in a land of plenty, should 
be forced by civilized beings, to live on spoilt cornmeal and worms, 
and their deposites. 

We generally preferred our food in the morning, and dispatched it 
with the greediness of a shark, and involuntarily and necessarily fasterf 
until the next morning. The meal was given raw and unbaked, and' 
no utensils or cooking vessels of any kind were given us in which we- 
might prepare our food, and a reasonable conclusion would be, that 
prisoners had no cooking vessels. 

A very sm^ll number of the prisoners, perhaps a dozen, had some 
money which had been sent to them by their friends. With this they 
procured small frying pans for themselves, which answered to them the 
purpose of b.ikintj their meal ; but the large number who had no mon- 
ey, of course could procure no frying pan, anri had no vessel for cook- 
ing purposes. Some borrowed from others who hari pans and were not 
using them, but the small nuraberof pans would not supply all the pris- 
oners, and they were not common property. Having been bought by 
a few, they were, of course, their property. Thosewhohad none, man- 
aged, as I have said, to borrow. Those who could not borrow boiled 
their meal in a cup or mug, or any thing they had or could get. But 
few of these could be had, and a vast number were left without either 
a baking or cooking vessel, and were forced to eat their meal like 
brutes, raw and dry. 

Considering the quality and quantity of the meal, and the absence of 
cooking vessels, it is no wonder we suffered all the horrible agony of 



SECTION VII 



43 



liunger, despair, and wretchedness. Yet we were forced to comply 
with the strictures of Yankee rule, and the words of the brutish 
Thompson were law, and he had only to command, and it was done. 

For the purpose of cooking our rations we were furnished a small 
supply of wood. This was green pine or live oak in quality, and the 
■quantity entirely insufficient to cook our scanty rations. When the 
wood was exhausted we dispatched our meal raw. Dry, raw, rotten, 
"worm-eaten, musty and mouldy cornmeal. 

We chopped our wood into small fibres or chips, and built little fires 
on the sand, resembling those built by children in their innocent play ; 
but this was the best we could do, for if we attempted to build a large 
fire, our stock for several days would have been exhausted at once. 

The weather was exceedingly cold, so freezing cold, that many of 
the prisoners froze their feet, hands and ears, and some other parts of 
the body. It must be remembered that the season of the year was 
mid winter, and though we were in South Carolina, we were upon the 
beach, and so near the ocean, that we received the benefit of all the 
chillmg winter blasts which constantly pervade the ocean. 

The chilling winds here were the fiercest I ever felt, and fiercer 
than those of Virginia. It must also be kept in mind that the house 
in which we were confined was so open as to admit large quantities of 
these chilling and freezing blasts ; added to this, numbers had scarce- 
ly clothing enough to cover their naked body ; some harl no hats; oth- 
ers no shoes, and but few had coats or shirts ; and scarcely a man had 
a good suit, and none had a full suit. 

In addition to the mid-winter, the freezing air, the cold apartment, 
and the loss of clothing, but three or four had any blankets suflticient to 
protect them from the terrors of the cold while they reposed in the 
arms of slumber, and besides all this, we had not a spark of fire in the 
house. No fire was allowed in the building, and out of doors our small 
cooking fires afforded no heat whatever. 

It is not at all wonderful that we suffered all the wretchedness of 
despair, and the anguish of misery, while freezing in a land flowing 
with milk and honey. The chilling blast, the freezing house, the loss 
of clothes, the want of blankets, and the absence of fire, made our hab- 
itation one of the deepest agony and the most wretched horror. It 
indeed seemed that we were deserted by God and man, and had been 
given over to demons and devils to be tormented. 

Many men, in order to keep from freezing, trudged the floor at short 
intervals from mornir)g to night, and from night until morning. This 
had to be resorted to in many cases to keep from freezing. The feet 
were cold for many flays and nights together. 

Disease spread among: us at a fearful rate. The dry cornmeal, with- 
out meat or vegetables, produced both chronic diarrhoea and scurvy. 
The scurvy spread among us fearfully — I being the only man who did 
not have the wretched disease. Several died, others were carried to 
the hospital, and being poorly cared for, lingered for days together, 
suffering the excruciating pains of scurvy. Others were rendered crip- 
ples or invalids for life by the ravages of scurvy, and scarcely one who 
had the disease ever fairly recovered, but was in sytem more or less 



44 PRISONLIFE. 

disorganized by the dire and horrid disease. There being but little 
noedical treatment, and that of the most indifferent quality, and admin- 
istered by one wholly ignorant of the science, made the scene more 
horrid. 

Chronic diarrhoea spread among us like a contagion, and, seizing 
many a victim, dragged him to a premature grave ; and many lingered 
long upon the verge ot the grave, and finally dropped in. 

The extreme cold hurried upon many the fearful diseases of fever, 
pneumonia, &c., and these sent destruction in our midst, and thinn«d 
our ranks with a fearful abruptness. The cold also caused the return 
of rheumatism to those who had been previously its subjects, and it 
also initiated many new members into its horrid and undesirable order. 

A prisoner had to be nearly dead before he could have a place in a 
hospital, and after his reception there, was scarcely cared for, bu.t was 
misused and cruelly treated and insulted in a manner that Q)ade a man 
abhor the hospital more than the rough fare of the camp. 

Many prisoners attempted to make their escape, but nonesuceeeded, 
from the impracticability of crossing the stream. Col. Manning and 
others succeeded in escapingfrom the quarters, and getting clearof the 
guard, but while preparing to cross the stream, were caught by ne- 
groes and blood-hounds. They were returned to the prison, and 
placed in a dungeon. 

Many ineffectual efforts were made by different ones, at variouspla- 
ces, and on several occasions, to escape the dominion of Yankees ;. but 
all these attempts failed, and only procured for the offender some spe- 
cies of humiliating and dire punishment. 

About the time of the fall of McAllister, the troops were all with- 
drawn from Hilton Head except two companies of Infantry and thirty 
Cavalry. The Infantry were all present at every roll call. The Cav- 
alry guarded the bridge leading from Hilton Head to the mainland. 
On the opposite side of the bridge were the confederate pickets. 

Many fleet steamers, men of war, ironclads, &c., were at anchor in 
the harbor. The mariners and seamen, except small guards, were on 
shore at the mariners' inn. We intended to avail ourselves of thisop- 
i>ni tunity to escape, by seizing and overpowering the Infantry at roll 
call, and proceeding to the Fort to destoy the guns and munitions of 
war thete, and by taking advantage of the seamen and mariners, (we 
being armed anil they not,) to proceed to the fleet, and fire the whole 
amount of shipping in the harbor, and secure the sailors, soldiers, &c., 
as prisoners, burn the town and capture the Cavalry by stratagem, 
and cross in safety to the Confedeiate lines. 

All this might, and, no doubt, would have been accomplished, had 
not some of the prisoners informed the Yankees of our design. Col. 
Manning and myself had been entrusted with the planning and execu- 
ting of the work, and all had gone well up to the very afternoon on 
which we were to execute our well matured plans, when all were 
thwarted by the traitorism of some one unworthy to live, and not fit to 
<lie. 

Frequent rows occurred between the saucy negroes and domineering 
officers who attempted to force any terms upon us, and to destroy for 



SECTION VII. 45 

ourselves our own self-respect. They heaped curses, indignities, and 
insults upon us profusely, without any regard to feeling, character^ 
or position. 

Our eyes frequently beheld the terrible and sickening sight of white 
men with black wives, and black noen with while ones ; black mothers 
with white children, white mothers with black ones. Seventy polished 
school-marms came down from New England to teach the contrabands^ 
and in seven or eight months from their ingress they were compelled 
to return home, (most of them), and procure cradles and rairses to 
foster their niggle babie^. 

It is a physiological fact that negroes mature earlier than whites, 
and that men become virile or mature earlier in warm countries than in 
cold ones. This may in some measure account for the misfortune of 
these ladies; supposing the same laws to govern virility in the sunny 
climes of the South, as in the bleak and dreary wilds of New England^ 
and thus too far trusted the youth ot the negroes. 

Before closing this section I would again advert to the suffering oc- 
casioned by the deficiency of food, though there is no mortal tongue 
that can do justice to the subject, or no writer who can faithfully and 
vividly portray the wretchedness of the scene, yet there may be some 
inference drawn from a slight attempt at description, enough to give a 
faint glimmer of the inexpressible and horrid suffering of the miserable 
rebs. 

On first taking up our residence at the convict houses rats abound- 
ed in great quantities, but they soon disappeared, being caught and 
rapaciously devoured by the starving prisoners. It was thought a 
streak of the finest fortune to be so lucky as to procure a small rat. 
Though horrible to the thoughts of men in good society, and decided- 
ly offensive to the taste, they made a savory meal, and as much de- 
sired as a dainty meal at home. 

Rats were not desired because Ihey were so palatable, but merely 
to quench the pangs of hunger. Cats played around the prison on 
our first going there, but they were soon slain, and eaten with the 
same avidity as if they were fine beef They were not eaten because 
they were good, but only to satiate the craving appetite. 

Dogs were greedily devoured by the starving mass. The Yankees, 
in passing through the prison yard from the kitchen to the hospital^ 
sometimes dropped a piece of bread or a crust, which was immedi-^ 
ately dirtied, soiled, and unfit for dogs, but it was seized and eaten, 
by the starving prisoner. 

The Federals kept a tub at the kitchen, in which they poured their 
dirty water, cooking scraps, greasy, filthy dishwater, and other filth 
of the kitchen. Prisoners frequented it often, drank the filthy water, 
and hooked out the small fragments they found in it, and ate them 
with great pleasure. Bones and other fragments thrown from the 
kitchen to the dogs were eaten by the prisoners. 

Oh I the horrid misery of suffering day after day from the pangs 
of hunger and misery! thinking, wishing, talking, hoping, wonder- 
ing, and dreaming about something to eat ! No heart can conceive 
the misery of such a scene, only those which have experienced it. 



46 PRISONLIFE, 

My whole frame recoils, and a thrill of misery runs through me 
^A'herl my mind forces upon me the recollection of those horrid mise- 
ries. I dread to think of, or for a moment contemplate the dire mis- 
ery and dreadful agony of the scene. 1 shudder to dream of those 
fierce moments, when, from morninor till night and from night till 
morning I only thought of something to stop the craving appetite 
and tree me from the dominion ot starvation, and the dreadtui anguish 
of continued hunger. 

What has heen said of us at Hilton tiead may be said of those who 
were left at Fort Pulaski. They remained in the Fort, and fe(] upon 
the same rations of cornmeal, the same quantity and quality, suffered 
the same cold air, and all the pain, soriow, anguish and torment we 
did, which has no parallel in the history of the rebellion or of any 
war on the American Continent. 



SECTION VIII. 

DEPARTURE FROM HILTON HEAD — VOYAGE TO FORT DELAWARE. 

After we had endured the horrible miseries and fierce agonies of 
the dreadful, horrid, and inhuman scene at Hilton Head for sixty days, 
it was suddenly announced that we were to be exchanged; and hav- 
ing learned this to be a iact, we caused the old prison, the domicil of 
our dreadful agony, to ring with shouts of joy. 

We were paraded and marched to headquarters, where we were 
asked where we wanted to go, to Richmond or to New York. To 
go to Richmond was to be exchanged ; to go to New York required 
a renunciation of our principles, and a subscribing to the amnesty or 
allegiance oath of the United States, and, strange to say, three trai- 
tors were found among us who preferred the fame of a Benedict Ar- 
nold to that of a Brutus of Rome. 

After knowing our wishes they marched to the wharf, and crowded 
'US into the hold of the Illinois, a steamship of vast dimensions, and 
capable of receiving many persons. The prisoners confined at Pulaski, 
after having gone through the same ordeal, joined us in the same boat. 

We were to have been exchanged at Charleston, but the fall of 
that place prevented the consummation ; so we sailed at once for For- 
tress Monroe. Some preparations had been made for the weakest and 
sickliest of the prisoners, and this number was more than half. 

Several died on the voyage, and much sickness prevailed on account 
of the roughness of the sea. The weather was very disagreeable, and 
we suffered greatly from the fierce winds, cold weather, and the rock- 
ing of the boat. The sea was very rough, winds very high, and 
thus made the voyage unpleasant. 

After three days we arrived at Fortress Monroe, and anchored in 
Hampton Roads between Fortress Monroe and the Rip-Raps. Here 
we remained for two days in great suspense, hoping we would be 
exchanged, and regaling our minds with the healthy hope that we 
would soon get home, or at least upon our own native shore. 

At the expiration of two days we set sail for the mouth of the 



SECTIONIX. 47 

James, but grounded opposite Old Point Comfort. We remairjed here 
till morning, and having become unbaired by the rising tide, continued 
onr course, but steered up the Elizabeth river to Norfolk. 

We remained at Norfolk one day and night to take in coal and water, 
during which time Capt. Harris attempted toeffet t bis escape but fail- 
ed. The boat being re-fraited with coal and water, sailed down the 
river, entered the Roads and anchored. She remained here over night. 

We now regaled our credulous minds with the happy thought that 
next morning we would gotorf^x^e,but imagine our pain and dejection, 
mortification and misery, to see the boat turn her head and steam off to- 
wards the ocean, and as we passed the picket boat the cry was, who 
are you, what is your freight, where are you bound ? The answer was, 
The Illinois, loaded with prisoners, bound to Fort Delaware. 

Oh ! the misery, the horror, wretchedness, despair, agony and woe 
depicted in every countenance on the reception of this startling and ap- 
palling information ! Doomed again to the torments of prison, the mis- 
eries of oppression, and the horrid agony of sufTt^ring. We had fed our 
hopes upon the cheering and regaling thought that we would soon be 
free from all the horrors, miseries and u'retchedness of prison life. 

But alas, we were doomed, for many long months, to enjoy the abuse 
and meanness of Yankees, and all the horrid torments of prison. The 
stroke was too great for some of the weakest of the prisoners, who 
immediately expired upon the reception of the news. 

After some davs sailing, we arrived safely at Fort Delaware, and 
were again housed in our old rooms, in the same prison, from which we 
had gone some months ago. But oh, how^ changed were our faces, our 
countenances, and our whole frame. We exhibited the appearance of 
having been treated with extreme cruelty and excessive horror. Our 
comrades scarcely knew us, so changed were our features, and so hag- 
gard were our countenances. Our number, too, was changed from 
what it had beej), for we now only numbered one-third we had at first. 
Many of us had diseases from which we never recovered. Some died 
in a short time, some lived lonoer, and some linger invalids still. 



SECTION IX. 



GENERAL RKM/*RKS. 



When we consider the sufferings and misery of the six himdred, we 
are led to wonder how any of them survived the horrors of the scene, 
the sufferin2;s, abuse, and torment of the voyage down South ; the 
suffering for eie;bteen days in the boat, for want of water and fresh air. 

The suffering, torments, and abuse of forty-five days at Morris'' 
Island for want of every thing that was good, right, just, honorable 
or comfortable. The horrors of Fort Pulaski, and the wretched and 
inexpressible agony of Hilton Head for more than sixty days, suffer- 
ing all the horrors of hunger, pain, cold, and torment. 

There is no human heart can conceive the miseries of the last scene, 
and no one who did not experience them would believe thera if they 
were portrayed in a plain manner, which is impossible to do. No 



49 



PRISON LIFE 



pen or tongue can give more than a glimpse of the fearful ancf horrirf 
rwagnitude, and the extent of sutTering experienced by the six hun- 
dred at Hilton Head, or the remnant of them. 

The prisoners frequently tried to escape while we lay in the boat 
the IS days. Col. Wolfalk of Kentucky and Capt. Ellison of Ala. ^ 
escaped. Several other attempts were made, but unsuccessful. At 
Morris' Island some ineffectual attempts were again made. While go- 
jngto Pulaski and at Pulaski attempts were again made, but to nopur- 
pose. 

Col. manning and others attempted to escape at Hilton Head, but! 
failed. They weie hunted by negroes and bloodhounds. The whole- 
number would have escaped from there on one occasion if it had not 
been for traitors, which has been related. 

Large numbers of the prisoners suiTered greatly at every point, from 
disease contracted from our extreme sufferings. They were such as' 
diarrhoea, rheumatism, pneiimonia, fever, &c. These diseases hur- 
ried many poor fellows off to a premature grave. 

[ attem[)ted to keep a correct list of those who died ; but from va-* 
rious circumstances, could not ; and as I cannot give all the names, 
I will withhold those known to have died. 

Five of the number took the oath of alleglarice to Uncle Sam, and 
were thus freed from the aching pains and fierce agonies of prison, but 
they had suffered almost all before they swallowed the pup, as it wa."? 
called. lam in possession of the names, but forbear their publication. 

Some of the prisoners being cripples, and sick men, were sent from^ 
Hilton Head after the sufferings in the Boat, to Beaufort, where they 
remained duringour stay in the South. Their suffering were very great, 
but inferiorto ours, and they werenotunder fireat Morris' Island. They 
no doubt suffered all the meanness Yard<ees could heap upon them 

They, or a part of them were finally exchanged. Some of the gen- 
eral class of prisoners wFIT^xchanged, but the number is unknown to 
the writer, but did not exceed 25, a small per cent, of the whole. 

The following is a correct list of those not under fire at Morris' Isl- 
and, though at Beaufort they suffererl all the miseries possible, as well 
as we who were at Morris' Island. Some few of them were exchanged, 
some died, and others were returned to Fort Delaware : 

E. Rirp. A. A. Swindjpr, E. Cartpr, E. D. Camdpn, R. S. Elam, J. D. Fitzser- 
alH. a. Hnplcins, VV. T. Jotirison, C. D. Ciiaddorlj. C K. Darricott, N. A. Hasl<ins, 
G. P. Chalkley, I.. C. Leftwich, G. B. Long— Vuginirtns. R. W. Atl<inson. A. S. 
Critchfr, A. A. Cathy. J. C. Gorbam, .1. H. Gibbert, E. W. Dmspy. R. A. Glenis 
— North Carolinians. A. W. Btirt. J. M. Bau^hman — South Carolinians. J. S, 
Greer — .Georsian. J. Collins — Florida. J. D. Meadows, W. N. Cidyard. W. H. 
Bidden — Alabanna. L. Fontaine, A. H. Farrar — Mississippi. W. E. O'Rifey, J. 
Martin, S. H. Mav — Louisiana. W. A. Ferring. H. L. W. .lohnson.J. W.Greer, 
W. B Burnett, ^i. S. Bradford— Arkansas. J. M. Cask — Tennessee. 

That portion of the prisoners who remained at Fort Pulaski suf- 
fered equally as much for food, from cold, sickness, pain, and other 
causes, as those did who were at Hilton Head. In every respect their 
sufferings were about equal. 

Arriving at Fort Delaware ended all the miseries of the Southern 
prison related in this book, which can be attested to by the united 
evidence of the survivors of these miserable outrages. 



LiBRftRY OF CONGRESS 




1 mm 111""..-- -—^ ggg g ^ 

And send to J. J. Dunkle, Franklin, Pendlet* 
(General Agent for the United States,) and procure a copy of 
Fritz Fuzzlebug's History of Prison Life during the Rebel- 
lion. It gives a brief statement of the Sufferings and Trials of 
Prison life, and should be read by every one, North and South. 
017" Agents wanted everywhere. Send for terms. 



OLHOUSEN'S GREAT SECRETS. 

Send 50 cents to the above address, and get Olhousen's Great 
Secrets, namely, HOW TO FISH, HUNT, MAKE SOAP, 
CIDER, WINE, BRANDY, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, COR- 
DIALS, PERFUMERIES, MEDICINES, COFFEES, &c. 

Agents wanted everywhere. 



THE HARMONIA SACRA, 

A COMPILATION OF 

CHURCH :mxjsic. 

BY JOSEPH FUNK'S SONS,. 

The THIRTEENTH EDITION of this work was issued in 
March last. It is harmonized for FOUR VOICES, and is oth- 
erwise improved, and interspersed with new pieces. 

Much care has been tak^n in the arrangement of this^work, 
and in the adaptation of the words to the music, and the work 
contains such a Great Variety of Metres, that a tune may be 
selected for almost every hymn in the Hymn Books of the differ- 
ent Christian denominations. Price, $12.00 per doz. net cash, or 
$14.50 per doz. or $1.40 per single copy per mail, at publishers' 
expense for postage. Address — 

JOSEPH FUNK'S SONS, 

Shigers' Glen, Rociijigham Co. Va. 

Singer^ s Glen., June, 1869. 



JOSEPH FUNK'S SONS, 

Singer's Glen, Va., 

BOOK RRIISTTERS 1 BUNDERS, 

INCLUDING MUSIC PKINTINa, 

Execute all work entrusted to them with neatness and dispatch. 



